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  • 1. Deschasaux, Melanie
    et al.
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Murphy, Neil
    Julia, Chantal
    Hercberg, Serge
    Srour, Bernard
    Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle
    Latino-Martel, Paule
    Biessy, Carine
    Casagrande, Corinne
    Jenab, Mazda
    Ward, Heather
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Overvad, Kim
    Kyro, Cecilie
    Olsen, Anja
    Affret, Aurelie
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Mahamat-Saleh, Yahya
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Kuehn, Tilman
    Boeing, Heiner
    Schwingshackl, Lukas
    Bamia, Christina
    Peppa, Eleni
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Masala, Giovanna
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Buen-de-Mesquita, Bas
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Hjartåker, Anette
    Rylander, Charlotta
    Skeie, Guri
    Ramon Quiros, J.
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Salamanca-Fernandez, Elena
    Maria Huerta, Jose
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Amiano, Pilar
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Huseinovic, Ena
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för odontologi.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Bradbury, Kathryn E.
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Riboli, Elio
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Touvier, Mathilde
    Nutritional quality of food as represented by the FSAm-NPS nutrient profiling system underlying the Nutri-Score label and cancer risk in Europe: results from the EPIC prospective cohort study2018Ingår i: PLoS Medicine, ISSN 1549-1277, E-ISSN 1549-1676, Vol. 15, nr 9, artikel-id e1002651Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Helping consumers make healthier food choices is a key issue for the prevention of cancer and other diseases. In many countries, political authorities are considering the implementation of a simplified labelling system to reflect the nutritional quality of food products. The Nutri-Score, a five-colour nutrition label, is derived from the Nutrient Profiling System of the British Food Standards Agency (modified version) (FSAm-NPS). How the consumption of foods with high/low FSAm-NPS relates to cancer risk has been studied in national/regional cohorts but has not been characterized in diverse European populations.

    Methods and findings

    This prospective analysis included 471,495 adults from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC, 1992-2014, median follow-up: 15.3 y), among whom there were 49,794 incident cancer cases (main locations: breast, n = 12,063; prostate, n = 6,745; colon-rectum, n = 5,806). Usual food intakes were assessed with standardized country-specific diet assessment methods. The FSAm-NPS was calculated for each food/beverage using their 100-g content in energy, sugar, saturated fatty acid, sodium, fibres, proteins, and fruits/vegetables/legumes/nuts. The FSAm-NPS scores of all food items usually consumed by a participant were averaged to obtain the individual FSAm-NPS Dietary Index (DI) scores. Multi-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were computed. A higher FSAm-NPS DI score, reflecting a lower nutritional quality of the food consumed, was associated with a higher risk of total cancer (HRQ5 versus (Q1) = 1.07; 95% CI 1.03-1.10, P-trend < 0.001). Absolute cancer rates in those with high and low (quintiles 5 and 1) FSAm-NPS DI scores were 81.4 and 69.5 cases/10,000 person-years, respectively. Higher FSAm-NPS DI scores were specifically associated with higher risks of cancers of the colon-rectum, upper aerodigestive tract and stomach, lung for men, and liver and postmenopausal breast for women (all P < 0.05). The main study limitation is that it was based on an observational cohort using self-reported dietary data obtained through a single baseline food frequency questionnaire; thus, exposure misclassification and residual confounding cannot be ruled out.

    Conclusions

    In this large multinational European cohort, the consumption of food products with a higher FSAm-NPS score (lower nutritional quality) was associated with a higher risk of cancer. This supports the relevance of the FSAm-NPS as underlying nutrient profiling system for front-of-pack nutrition labels, as well as for other public health nutritional measures.

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