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  • 101.
    Bagger, Anette
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Örebro, Sverige.
    Vennberg, Helena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    Early assessment in mathematics, the ethics in a practice close research approach2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the latest reforms to increase the equity and quality in mathematics education is mandatory national assessment in Preschool-class. It is supposed to govern the action, focus and professional language of the pedagogues. In an earlier study of preparatory work, policy decisions and assessment material, we discovered that there is a risk for schoolification of the Preschool-class, through this reform. A second risk is that students could be locked into "levels" of achievement and a third risk lies in a potential narrowing down of the curriculum (Bagger, Björklund, Vennberg, Accepted). At the same time, earlier research show that early assessment can lead to positive development for students in need of support (Vennberg & Norqvist, 2018). Deriving from our initial study of national assessment in preschool class, we have planned for a follow up project with the aim to contribute to knowledge of and developing the practice about the preschool class teacher’s work with national assessment in mathematics. During the conference we will present and discuss ethical and methodological challenges in this project. More specifically, we want to discuss what is required of practice close approaches in these ethically demanding situations of vulnerability and assessment in mathematics with young students. A key issue is the opportunities for teachers and researchers to manage the information collected during the  national assessment and handling of sensitive data, how they jointly can contribute to the development and management of the knowledge that generated about students' opportunities to learn and to demonstrate their knowledge. And finally, in what way this might contribute to assessment and teaching in mathmatics continues to have its starting points in the unique assignment of the preschool-class.

    References

    Bagger, A., Björklund, L. & Vennberg, H. (accepted). The politics of early assessment in mathematics education. CERME11 in Utrecht, January 2019.

    Vennberg, H. & Norqvist, M. (2018). Counting on – long term effects of an early intervention program. In Bergqvist, E., Österholm, M., G, C & Sumpter, L. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 42nd Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Vol. 4, (pp. 355-362). Umeå, Sweden: PME.

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  • 102.
    Bagger, Anette
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Vennberg, Helena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Björklund Boistrup, Lisa
    The politics of early assessment in mathematics education2019In: CERME 11: Proceedings of the Eleventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education / [ed] [ed] Jankvist, U. T., Van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, M., & Veldhuis, M., European Society for Research in Mathematics Education, 2019, p. 1831-1838Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the latest reforms in Sweden in order to increase equity and quality in education is making national assessment compulsory in preschool-class (age 6). The claimed political volition is all students’ best possible mathematical development. In this paper, we examine the preparatory work, the assignment to the National Agency of Education, and the assessment material itself, searching for what meaning is inscribed regarding the student, mathematics and assessment. The results imply that the politics of the assessment might exaggerate a search for flaws and control instead of promoting all students learning and in addition contributing to the schoolification of preschool-class.

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  • 103.
    Baltzer Wilczkowski, Astrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Formativ bedömning i juridikundervisningen på gymnasiet - En studie av juridiklärares tillämpning av och resonemang kring formativ bedömning2020Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna studie har undersökt det hittills outforskade området juridiklärares tillämpning av och resonemang kring formativ bedömning i juridikundervisningen på gymnasiet. Två lärare har observerats under sina juridiklektioner och därefter intervjuats om sin tillämpning av formativ bedömning. Empirin har analyserats mot bakgrund av den formativa bedömningens fem nyckelstrategier, och studiens resultat har visat att lärarnas tillämpning är mer omfattande än vad som beskrivs i forskningen men att det samtidigt saknas ett helhetsgrepp om nyckelstrategierna. Studien har också visat att juridiklärares resonemang kring formativ bedömning kan vara nyanserade och visa prov på en förståelse för den formativa bedömningens komplexitet, men att det i vissa fall finns en diskrepans mellan lärarnas beskrivna och praktiska tillämpning.

  • 104.
    Bardeau, Christian
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    "Jag är taxichaufför och min fru är kassörska": En innehållsanalytisk undersökning av läroböcker i ämnet franska ur ett genusperspektiv2018Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Lärarens uppdrag är mångsidigt: hen ska ge eleverna möjlighet att inhämta kunskap samtidigt som att hen ska ha ett jämställdhetsuppdrag. Beroende på vilka ämnen man undervisar är man knuten till en viss ämnestradition när det gäller läroboksanvändning. Denna studie fokuserar på två läromedel (Génial 1 och Escalade 1) som används i ämnet franska på gymnasiet. Dessa läromedel analyseras ur ett genusperspektiv för att undersöka om lärobokens innehåll följer läroplanens jämställdhetsmål. För att kunna besvara en sådan frågeställning presenteras en forskningsbakgrund med definitioner av centrala begrepp som är relevanta för denna studie. En kvantitativ innehållsanalys som metod är grunden till hur analysen ska gå till väga. Resultaten är tydliga: inget av de analyserade läromedlen uppnår läroplanens jämställdhetsmål. Jämställdhetsarbetet anses vara obefintligt eller otillräckligt för att nå det som Skolverket förordar. 

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  • 105. Barron, Laura
    et al.
    Finlayson, Odilla
    Dublin city university.
    McCabe, Deirdre
    Fazio, Claudio
    Ottander, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Ekborg, Margareta
    Malmö högskola.
    Parchmann, Ilka
    IPN, Kiel.
    Brady, Sarah
    McLoughlin, Eilish
    Dublin city university.
    Profiling in-service teachers across Europe to determine their attitude to IBSE2013In: Science education Research for evidence-based Teaching and Coherence in Learning / [ed] D. Couso & L. Louca, ESERA , 2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ESTABLISH FP7-funded project is involved with development and implementation of professional development workshops to support teachers in adopting more inquiry based approaches in their teaching. Identifying teacher views, goals, practices and the challenges they face in implementing inquiry activities, can inform teacher educators of the needs of their participating teachers. This can also inform them to provide the appropriate support in order to help teachers overcome obstacles and develop their own practice in inquiry. This paper outlines the initial results from a profiling instrument used to examine teachers’ beliefs about IBSE, attitudes to teaching science and teaching by inquiry and some ideas about their current practices. The data presented in this paper outlines the profile of the teachers when they came to the first of the ESTABLISH teacher workshops in a number of European countries. This paper outlines a summary of the development of the evaluation tool, how the evaluation data was collected and analysed and highlights the key findings.

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  • 106.
    Barsk, Frida
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Andersson, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Vad säger bilden?: Bildernas betydelse i läroböcker anpassade för nyanlända elever i årskurs 1-32017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna studie syftar till att få fördjupad kunskap om tryckta läroböcker för nyanlända elever i årskurs 1-3. Fokus ligger på hur text och bild samspelar, vilken funktion bilden har och vilka multimodala likheter och skillnader det finns i två av de mest frekvent använda läromedlen för svenska som andraspråk i Umeå. Studien är baserad på en socialsemiotisk multimodal textanalys där författarna i tolkningsarbetet kommit fram till att samspelet mellan text och bild alltid finns där men omfattningen och betydelsen kan variera beroende på olika faktorer. Dels påverkas funktionen och samspelet av processerna som bilderna och skriften förmedlar men även av de semiotiska resurserna såsom exempelvis avstånd, färg och storlek. Likheterna och skillnaderna läromedlen emellan är flera. Den främsta likheten är att bilden är den modalitet som används mest, medan de huvudsakliga skillnaderna ligger i skriftens innehåll. Genomgående för läromedlen är att bilderna inte endast är dekorativa utan fungerar informativt för de tillhörande uppgifterna.

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  • 107.
    Bartolini Bussi, M G
    et al.
    Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Itlay.
    Gade, Sharada
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Janvier, M
    Kahane, J-P
    Matsko, V
    Maschietto, M
    Ouvrier-Buffet, C
    Saul, M
    Mathematics in context: focusing on students2009In: Challenging Mathematics In and Beyond the Classroom – The 16th ICMI Study / [ed] E. J. Barbeau and P. J. Taylor, New York: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2009, p. 171-203Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter presents nine case studies in which school students engage in challenging mathematics outside their immediate classroom environment. In each case, students are encouraged to collaborate in investigations that go beyond the standard curriculum and creatively use the ingredients of the particular context. In Italy, students visit a mathematical laboratory to understand and utilize mathematical machines. Morning assembly at an Indian school brings students from many classes together in the solution of mathematical problems. Four of the projects are from France: students analyze the configuration of a heap of sand, pursue astronomical investigations with software, obtain a flavor of research by having secondary school teams investigate interesting problems, and are presented at all levels with open-ended research problems. There are three programs from the United States, the first, an advanced geometry sequence for secondary students completing the regular syllabus early, the second, activities arising from exhibits in an art museum, and the third, using the school lawn to deepen student understanding of geometric constructions. All such activities need to be evaluated for their effectiveness, so that they move from just being initiatives of dynamic individuals to serve as the foundation for systemic improvements in the way in which students learn, understand and use mathematics. In the early part of this chapter, we briefly mention how research into such activities might be approached.

  • 108. Bengmark, Samuel
    et al.
    Thunberg, Hans
    Winberg, Mikael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Success-factors in Transition to University Mathematics2017In: International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, ISSN 0020-739X, E-ISSN 1464-5211, Vol. 48, no 7, p. 988-1001Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines different factors' relative importance for students' performance in the transition to university mathematics. Students' characteristics (motivation, actions and beliefs) were measured when entering the university and at the end of the first year. Principal component analysis revealed four important constructs: Self-efficacy, Motivation type, Study habits and Views of mathematics. Subsequently, orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) analysis was used for measuring the constructs' ability to predict students' university mathematics grades. No individual constructs measured at the time of entrance predicted more than 5% of the variation. On the other hand, jointly they predicted 14%, which is almost in pair with upper secondary grades predicting 17%. Constructs measured at the end of the first year were stronger predictors, jointly predicting 37% of the variation in university grades, with Self-efficacy (21%) and Motivation (12%) being the two strongest individual predictors. In general, Study habits were not important for predicting university achievement. However, for students with low upper secondary grades, the textbook and interaction with peers, rather than internet-based resources, contributed positively to achievement. The association between Views of mathematics and performance was weak for all groups and non-existing for students with low grades.

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    Success factors Accepted
  • 109.
    Berg, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Skoglund, AnnaLena
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    På väg mot rätt stöd i rätt tid. Skolors arbete med garantin för tidiga stödinsatser.2021Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    För att elever ska lyckas med sin utbildning behöver skolan möta deras olika behov och ge dem rätt stöd tidigt i skolan. Det har visat sig att elever som är framgångsrika i matematik ofta även lyckas i andra ämnen. Enligt forskning sätts tyvärr stöd in alltför sent i svenska skolor och under flera år har bristande kunskapsresultat visat sig i olika undersökningar. För att förändra denna situation tillsatte regeringen en utredning som inför läsåret 2019/2020 ledde fram till reformen Läsa, skriva, räkna- en garanti för tidiga stödinsatser (garantin). Syftet med garantin är att med ett systematiskt arbete uppmärksamma stödbehov och ge tidigt stöd. En utvärdering av förskoleklassens arbete med garantin gjordes av Skolinspektionen i december 2020 och den visade brister i garantins alla fyra moment. Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka lärares syn på skolors arbete med garantin i årskurs 1 med fokus på matematik. Studiens tre forskningsfrågor är: Hur beskriver lärare skolans arbete med garantins olika moment? Hur upplever lärare att skolan möter behoven hos elever i SUM? Hur uppfattar lärare skolans matematikundervisning och arbetet med elever i SUM nu i jämförelse med tiden före garantin? Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats och datainsamlingen gjordes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju lärare. Studiens resultat visar att skolor gör ett systematiskt arbete i matematik och de genomför delvis alla garantins moment. Momentet kartläggning genomförs helt medan övriga tre moment inte uppfylls och behöver utvecklas. Trots att flera olika anpassningar görs i undervisningen och stödinsatser görs på olika sätt upplever lärarna att alla elever i SUM ändå inte får rätt stöd i rätt tid.

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  • 110.
    Berg, Monica
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Bergman, Camilla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Begåvade elevers rätt till ledning och stimulans i skolan matematiklärande - Hur elever och lärare beskriver att matematikundervisningen2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Studiens syfte är att få ökad kunskap om hur begåvade elever reflekterar över sin matematikundervisning samt hur lärarna beskriver sin undervisning och anpassar denna för begåvade elever. Tanken är att detta kan bli ett möjligt kunskapsbidrag för pedagoger och oss blivande speciallärare i förebyggande arbete för att kunna tillgodose begåvade elevers kunskapsbehov i matematik. I studien valdes en kvalitativ metod genom intervjuer med elever som går i årskurs åtta och deras lärare i två olika kommunala skolor, en utan och en med inriktning på matematik. För att kunna förstå elevernas syn på undervisning intas ett barns perspektiv i studien, elevernas röster blir hörda då de ger uttryck för sina åsikter.

    Resultatet i studien visade att en elev av fem känner sig helt inkluderade didaktiskt, social och rumsligt. Eleverna kände sig främst socialt exkluderade, främst på skolan utan matematikinriktning där de ville vara mer delaktig i sin läroprocess för att kunna påverka innehållet i undervisningen. Den största skillnaden på hur eleverna upplever sin matematikundervisning var att eleverna på skolan med matematikinriktning, är mer nöjda tack vare att det sker en del anpassningar och att de arbetar med likasinnade. Eleverna på skolan utan inriktning i matematik, ser fler utvecklingsmöjligheter och efterfrågar främst arbete med lärprocessen där deras kommunikation- och resonemangsförmågor prövas och gärna i samverkan med likasinnade och lärare. Båda elevgrupperna uppskattar att arbeta med läromedel som grund som har olika nivåer, men de vill ha mer variation till exempel genom berikning men även acceleration. De intervjuade eleverna tycks ha ett gott självreglerat lärande vilket påverkar deras kunskapsutveckling positivt. 

    I studien framkom det att lärarna på de två skolorna har olika utgångspunkter för att kunna ge ledning och stimulans för begåvade elever. Tack vare den mer homogena gruppsammansättningen på skolan med specifik matematikinriktning, var det lättare att göra anpassningar i undervisningen, medan skolan utan inriktning främst prioriterar de elever som riskerar att inte nå målen. Uppfattningen är att lärare behöver rätt organisatoriska förutsättningar för att kunna samverka med de begåvade eleverna.

    Inom skolans verksamhet behöver vi ta på ”rätt glasögon” för att uppmärksamma denna bortglömda grupp och ge dem den ledning och stimulans som de har rätt till såväl juridiskt som moraliskt. De begåvade eleverna behöver känna sig inkluderade i skolans och samhällets gemenskap. Detta förutsätter att lärare ges rätt förutsättningar att i praktiken kunna genomföra det som stipuleras av politiker.

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  • 111.
    Berg, Nina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Vägen till bättre algebrakunskaper: En kvantitativ studie om gymnasieelevers kunskaper gällande bråktal, decimaltal och algebra2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Kunskaper om bråktal, decimaltal och algebra är inte bara viktigt på matematiklektionerna, utan också i vardagen och inom olika yrken. Det finns studier som visat att bråk- och decimaltalskunskaper kan förutsäga algebrakunskaper. I denna studie utfördes ett matematiktest med gymnasieelever och där undersöktes lösningsfrekvenser och vanliga missförstånd på olika kategorier av uppgifter inom dessa områden. En korrelationsanalys visade att de kategorier som hade starkast korrelation med algebrakunskaper var bråktalsrelationer, samt bråk-och decimaltalsaritmetik. För att förbättra gymnasieelevers algebrakunskaper är ett förslag att försöka motverka elevers missuppfattningar kring algoritmer i bråktalsaritmetik. Ett annat förslag är att lägga mer fokus på bråktalsrelationskunskaper som ekvivalens, hur operatorer fungerar tillsammans med bråktal, samt vad som händer med ett bråktal när värdet på täljare eller nämnare förändras. 

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  • 112.
    Berge, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Den roliga handledaren: om skämt och skratt i forskningshandledning2021Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vem blir alltid tackad i avhandlingens slut? Handledaren. Rapport efter rapport visar att relationen mellan handledare och doktorand är betydelsefull för forskningsavhandlingens kvalité. Handledarens och doktorandens ömsesidiga (men icke likvärdiga) beroende av varandra gör att det finns en viktig maktaspekt i handledningssituationen. Maktförhållandet avspeglas i vilka skämt som görs och av vem (Kobayashi och Berge, manuskript). I den här presentationen kommer jag fokusera på en specifik situation där en handledare erbjuder sin doktorand att ta hans position som huvudtalare på en konferens. Med mycket skratt tar de ett gemensamt beslut om att hon ska göra detta, men hur påverkar skämten vägen fram till det slutliga beslutet? Och hur påverkar maktförhållandet vägen dit? 

  • 113.
    Berge, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Chalmers, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Group work and physics: characteristics, learning possibilities and patterns of interaction2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis explores group work in physics at university level. The guiding researchinterest is what happens in the students’ interactions during such (instructional)activities, focusing both on the physics content and group dynamics. The four collatedpapers are based on empirical data consisting of video and audio-recordings of sevengroups of students solving physics problems concerning force and friction in Newtonianmechanics. The students belonged to the Engineering Physics and Bioengineeringprogrammes at Chalmers University of Technology.In line with the guiding research interest, different facets of group work data wereanalysed using a multi-theoretic perspective at three levels with focus on the content,the context and the components. The three distinct approaches were based on differenttheoretical frameworks: phenomenography combined with variation theory, positioningtheory, and conversation analysis. The results presented in this thesis relate topedagogical characteristics of the learning situation, learning possibilities and patternsof interaction and all the analytical approaches contribute to all the aspects of theresults. The purpose of this design was to achieve a deeper understanding of a complexempirical situation by offering several accounts that are analytically and theoreticallydifferently grounded. The theoretical frameworks have been interpreted, and sometimesadapted, in order to offer analytical strength in reflecting essential facets of theempirical data with respect to the research interest. Each level of analysis uncoverednew dimensions of the learning situation, potentially enabling a synthesis of differentunderstandings of group work. This synthesis will inform and support instructionaladvice for the learning of physics.The results show that learning physics in small groups is a complex and nonlinearprocess where the students’ learning possibilities differ and have many levels. Theselearning possibilities take place simultaneously in group sessions and areinterconnected, for example, developing through discussion the way of experiencingphysics concepts, becoming and being part of a physics or an engineering communityand interactively producing answers, as well as communicative and representationaltools for learning.

  • 114.
    Berge, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    “The other side” of learning physics: positioning the subject2015In: Researching the dynamics of teaching and learning science: Sociocultural and discursive approaches incorporating positioning theory, 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An enduring aim in educational research is to identify factors in teaching and learning, the curriculum, and the learning environment, operating at the classroom and school level, which can directly or indirectly explain variation in what students learn. This paper reports on how positioning theory (Harré & van Langenhove, 1999) can be used to consider social dimensions of learning physics from the perspective of the learner or “the other sides” of learning physics. Such a perspective provides insight into the learning process in a way that cannot be captured in pre- and post-tests, such as in traditional conceptual change approaches. The analysis draws on empirical data from two Swedish classrooms where students in upper secondary school prepare themselves for their final physics exam. In total, fifteen students were video-recorded and interviewed before their exam. Data was analysed with an analytical framework based on positioning theory. In this study all students, strong as well as weak, position themselves as dependent upon the book of formulas. Moreover, their collection of formulas (a book) takes a central position in their learning interactions, lending explanatory insight into findings from earlier research that a good performance in physics exams does not necessarily mean good conceptual understanding. In contrast to the Swedish curriculum, which stresses the importance of the student developing conceptual understanding and the capacity for inquiry, the students positioned themselves as successful physics learners based upon their capacity to make use of a specific book. These results foreground important contextual factors which can indirectly affect how and what kind of physics students learn in the classroom.

  • 115.
    Berge, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    The Role of Humor in Learning Physics: a Study of Undergraduate Students2017In: Research in science education, ISSN 0157-244X, E-ISSN 1573-1898, Vol. 47, no 2, p. 427-450Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We all know that they do it, but what do students laugh about when learning science together? Although research has shown that students do use humor when they learn science, the role of humor in science education has received little attention. In this study, undergraduate students’ laughter during collaborative work in physics has been investigated. In order to do this, a framework inspired by conversation analysis has been used. Empirical data was drawn from two video-recorded sessions in which first-year engineering students solved physics problems together. The analysis revealed that the students’ use of humor was almost exclusively related to physics. Five themes identified summarize the role of humor in the group discussions: Something is obvious, Something is difficult, Something said might be wrong, Something is absurd, and Something said is not within informal norms.

    This study shows that humor may contribute not only to a good working atmosphere and thereby to the students’ learning but also how humor interrelates with both disciplinary culture of physics and its epistemology. The students do not only create and re-create humor that facilitates their social interactions, but through humor they constitute local norms of science and engage with the disciplinary discourse.

  • 116.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Anderhag, Per
    Department of Mathematics and Science Education Department of Mathematics and Science Education Stockholm University.
    Consequences of Humour in Physics Education2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 117.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Anna T, Danielsson
    Uppsala universitet.
    Lidar, Malena
    Uppsala universitet.
    Östman, Leif
    Uppsala universitet.
    Ingerman, Åke
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Svensson, Maria
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Constructions of power and knowledge in the technology classroom2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to investigate how knowledge and power are constituted in meaning-making processes in technology classrooms in relation to the teachers’ enactment of a disciplinary discourse. By collecting video data from a Swedish technology classroom in grade 8 we explore interaction on a micro-level. Our examination of the teaching of technology is motivated by the fact that this is a key period for students engagement in technology and that many students are losing interest in the subject during grades 7-9. Our analysis is guided by an analytical framework based on practical epistemology, teachers’ epistemological moves and the theory of didactical contract as completely implicit but highly powerful aspect of the relationship between teacher and student. Our analysis reveals that in the interaction between a teacher and her pupils both knowledge and power are mutually constituted in meaning-making processes, and are not possible to separate. It is therefore fruitful to use an analytical framework that includes both meaning-making and power in further research.

  • 118.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Danielsson, Anna
    Uppsala University.
    Characterising learning interactions: a study of university students solving physics problems in groups2013In: Research in science education, ISSN 0157-244X, E-ISSN 1573-1898, Vol. 43, no 3, p. 1177-1196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this article is to explore how a group of four university physics students addressed mechanics problems, in terms of student direction of attention, problem solving strategies and their establishment of and ways of interacting. Adapted from positioning theory, the concepts ‘positioning’ and ‘storyline’ are used to describe and to analyse student interaction. Focused on how the students position the physics problems, themselves, and each other, the analyses produced five different storylines. The dominant storyline deals with how the students handled the problem solving, whilst two other storylines characterise alternative ways of handling the physics problems, whereas the two remaining storylines are concerned with how students positioned themselves and others—as either funny and/or knowledgeable physics students—and constitute different aspects of the physics community. Finally, the storylines are discussed in relation to the pedagogical situation, with recommendations made for teaching practice and future research.

  • 119.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Danielsson, Anna
    Institutionen för ämnesdidaktik, Stockholms Universitet.
    Klassklättring och matematik-kapital: en fallstudie2022In: Utbildning och Demokrati, ISSN 1102-6472, E-ISSN 2001-7316, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 31-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we report from a case study of a student from non-academic background, who has continued on to study mathematics in higher education. Bourdieu’s concepts of capital, habitus, and field were used to analyse thestudent’s trajectory into university mathematics, with a particular focuson mathematics specific capital. Data was collected through classroom observations and three semi-structured interviews, over a period of three years. The analysis showed how the student acquired mathematics capital by acting as an informal teaching assistant, thus receiving recognitionfrom both peers and teachers for his mathematical abilities. The longitudinal interviews also demonstrated how the student has continuously been able to expand his social capital related to mathematics and science. We argue that it is important for higher education researchers and teachers to consider disciplinary specific capital, and also to provide students withopportunities to acquire such capital.

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  • 120.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Danielsson, Anna
    Uppsala universitet.
    Lidar, Malena
    Uppsala universitet.
    Storylines in the physics teaching content of an upper secondary school classroom2020In: Research in Science & Technological Education, ISSN 0263-5143, E-ISSN 1470-1138, Vol. 38, no 1, p. 63-83Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Physics is often seen as a discipline with difficult content, and one that is difficult to identify with. Socialisation processes at the upper secondary school level are of particular interest as these may be linked to the subsequent low and uneven participation in university physics. Focusing on how norms are construed in physics classrooms in upper secondary school is therefore relevant.

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify discursive patterns in teacher–student interactions in physics classrooms.

    Design and methods: Three different physics lessons with one class of students taught by three different teachers in upper secondary school were video-recorded. Positioning theory was used to analyse classroom interaction with a specific focus on how physics was positioned.

    Results: We identified seven different storylines. Four of them (‘reaching a solution to textbook problems’, ‘discussing physics concepts in order to gain better understanding’, ‘doing empiricalenquiry’ and ‘preparing for the upcoming exam’) represent what teaching physics in an upper secondary school classroom can be. The last three storylines (‘mastering physics’, ‘appreciating physics’ and ‘having a feeling for physics’) all concern how students are supposed to relate to physics and, thus, become ‘insiders’ in the discipline.

    Conclusions: The identification and analysis of storylines raises awareness of the choices teachers make in physics education and their potential consequences for students. For example, in the storyline of mastering physics a good physics student is associated with ‘smartness’, which might make the classroom a less secure place in general. Variation and diversity in the storylines construed in teaching can potentially contribute to a more inclusive physics education.

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  • 121.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Ingerman, Åke
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Multiple theoretical lenses as an analytical strategy in researching group discussions2017In: Research in Science & Technological Education, ISSN 0263-5143, E-ISSN 1470-1138, Vol. 35, no 1, p. 42-57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In science education today, there is an emerging focus on what is happening in situ, making use of an array of analytical traditions. Common practice is to use one specific analytical framing within a research project, but there are projects that make use of multiple analytical framings to further the understanding of the same data, either in parallel or in sequence.

    Purpose: This methodological paper offers a description of using multiple theoretical lenses to address the question ‘What can be learned in groups discussing physics?’ This paper aims to consider and discuss drawbacks and benefits of this design.

    Sources of evidence: In our earlier research project, different theories were purposefully applied in a series of stratified analyses on video data of university students solving physics problems. Level one used phenomenography and variation theory, level two used positioning theory, and level three used techniques from conversation analysis.

    Main argument: Each lens contributed new information about group work in physics. Partly due to the openness of our initial question and the character of our video data, every lens brought new relevant information to the picture of group work in physics. While the theoretical lenses did not reference the same data, they operated with data from the same social setting. We point out that although our analytical frameworks are not commensurable, our different results are: together they offer a better understanding for group work in physics.

    Conclusions: The main benefit was that every level of analysis provided new understandings to create a bigger picture about group work in physics. The order of the analyses was also crucial, since each analysis informed the framing of the next analysis. The biggest drawback was the amount of time and quality of work needed to conduct the analyses.

  • 122.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Ingerman, Åke
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Multiple theoretical lenses as an analytical strategy in researching group discussions: Research in Science & Technological Education2017In: Recent highlights from Research in Science and Technological Education, Dublin, 2017Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 123.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Ingerman, Åke
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Multiple theoretical spaces as analytical strategy in researching classroom interaction2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    What are the challenges and benefits of multiple theories within a single study to promote our understanding of learning? In this paper a study of university students solving physics problems, different theories were purposefully applied in a series of stratified analyses. Level one employing phenomenography and variation theory, level two using positioning theory and level three making use of the techniques of conversation analysis. We propose that these three analytical perspectives are complementary rather than commensurable, because they are not referring to the same data, even though the data they reference is derived from the same social setting, situation and event. Consequently, any ontological mismatch does not matter since the different perspectives do not address the same issues - they do not even exist in the same theoretical space.

  • 124.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Ingerman, Åke
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Triple vision in different theoretical spaces: exploring physics jokes in small group discussions in engineering education2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have used multiple theoretical spaces as analytical strategy when researching learning possibilities when engineering students discuss physics together. Three different theories were purposefully applied in a series of stratified analyses. Level one employing phenomenography and variation theory, level two using positioning theory and level three making use of the techniques of conversation analysis. Having done this, we wanted to explore to what extent a phenomena in one theoretical space is visible in other theoretical spaces (but not naturally focused on) and what it in that case looks like. The students’ jokes are examples of such which were also important part of the students’ conversation. Our analysis illustrates how one joke is observable through all three analytical lenses. The three analytical lenses are linked to three different theoretical spaces, even when it is linked to the same original event. The lenses have become advantageous in different ways: the lens of conversational analyses assistances to discern the joke, the lens of position theory provides clues about the cultural context and the lens of phenomenography and variation theory informs us the learning possibilities that are related to the jokes. In this paper we propose and illustrate that these three theoretical perspectives are complementary rather than commensurable, because they are not referring to the same data, even though the data they reference is derived from the same event.

  • 125.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Ingerman, Åke
    Department of Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Danielsson, Anna
    King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Silfver, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Searching for a viable approach to project work in engineering education2017In: Proceedings of the 45th SEFI Annual Conference 2017: Education Excellence for Sustainability / [ed] Bernardino J.,Rocha J.,Quadrado J.C., European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI) , 2017, p. 1393-1400Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many engineering departments across the world are moving towards implementing project-organised courses. In this paper we make the claim that there is a need for quality criteria for project work, given that research provides a mixed picture of what students can potentially learn in project work. The empirical data in this case study consists of ethnography, video-recordings, video-diaries and interviews, from one project work with four students taking a six weeks long course on machine elements. Our analysis shows that the students spend substantial amounts of time on activities with little or no value to their education, but that this is interspersed with very productive moments. In addition, our analysis showed that two of the students worked considerably less than the other two, but the assessment structure made this more or less invisible to the teacher. The analysis also illustrates the uneven nature of implementations of group work and we argue that as engineering educators we must implement approaches to project work that bring out and utilise the valuable parts, while actively suppressing less productive parts, thereby producing a shift towards being more 'effective.

  • 126.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Johansson, Anders
    Uppsala University.
    Lecture jokes: a litmus test of physics discourse?2017Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Earlier studies in physics education research have shown the importance of analysing students' processes of ‘becoming a physicist' in a wider sense. For example, it is often expected of physicists to have a kind of ‘authentic intelligence' or ‘smartness', which is generally perceived as male. In this study we contribute to this area of research by analysing an area often forgotten in educational research: humour. Empirically, this study is based on 177 jokes from physics lectures, collected from three different higher education contexts, the US and two Scandinavian countries. With a discourse analytical framework we explore the question of how teacher's jokes in physics lectures portray physics and physicists. In the analysis of the teacher's jokes, physics is constantly constructed as difficult and very advanced, mainly through ironically speaking of it as ‘easy'. Physicists are portrayed as single minded and very passionate, not to say obsessed, about physics. In this study we argue that although none of the jokes were mean the jokes contributed to a discourse that can be perceived as problematic in limiting the conceptions of who a physicist may be.

  • 127.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Kobayashi, Sofie
    Norms in supervision: jokes in life science2019In: ESERA 2019, 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    More research into the disciplinary content and context of doctoral education is needed. The aim of this study is to address this gap by investigating norms in supervision in the specific context of life science. Our approach focuses on the humour in two supervision meetings, looking at who and what is positioned as funny in longer instances of humour. Using an analytical framework inspired by positioning theory, we found that both conceptual knowledge and personal identity were positioned through jokes during supervision meetings. The humour dealt with disciplinary norms on several levels, from ‘Which numbers are aesthetic?’ (Answer: even numbers) to ‘How best to communicate with team members in another country?’ We noticed both positive and negative positionings within the jokes. Humour has several functions: one is to create a relaxed atmosphere; another is to offer criticism in a kind way. Since supervision is also characterised by power distances, it is important that supervisors be aware of the ambiguity of humour.

  • 128.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Lidar, Malena
    Department of Education, Uppsala University.
    Danielsson, Anna T
    Department of Education, Uppsala University.
    The power within the 'didactical contract': An exploration of questions in science and technology classrooms2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to further contribute to the understanding of the role that teachers may have for learning in science. We are interested in how teacher-student interaction can be understood as simultaneously contributing to meaning making and producing power relations. In particular, focus is on how questions are used by the teachers, since this gives an insight into which knowledge that is privileged in the situation (Wertsch 1991), in other words what is included and excluded. The study draws on eleven video recorded lessons of physics and technology teaching, with students aged 13-17. The teachers’ actions were coded in relation to the students’ interactions, following how practical epistemological analysis considers interactions as a language game where people create meaning together (Lidar et al. 2006). In a second stage, the analysis focused on how ‘epistemological moves’ are functional in constituting a ‘didactical contract’, that is ‘the (specific) set of behaviours of the teacher which are expected of the students and the set of behaviours of the student which are expected by the teacher’ (Brousseau & Warfield 1999). The main outcome of the study is the development of a conceptual framework for analysing the simultaneous constitution of knowledge and power in the classroom. The teachers’ actions affect students’ learning opportunities in the sense that the questions govern the didactical contract of a physics or technology lesson. Our analyses foreground relations between teaching practices and students’ learning opportunities within the physics and technology classroom: what is considered as important and relevant for the subject and the lesson, which in turn is seen as foundational in constituting power relations in classrooms.

  • 129.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University.
    Lönngren, Johanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    I skämten döljs framtidens ingenjör2023Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 130.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Lönngren, Johanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Laughing engineering students: how to avoid pitfalls of jokes and how humour can have a supporting role in engineering education2022In: 2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Humour is a complex form of communication andengineering educators need to use it with care. This specialsession aims to explore, discuss, and deconstruct jokes, humourand laughter in engineering education, since humour can haveboth good and bad side effects in all forms of interaction. Thegoal of this session is to collectively reflect on positive andnegative aspects of humour and how humour can work as anincluding element for some participants in the room, andexcluding for others. We want to create thought-provokingdiscussions where we together consider areas for improvementson engineering education to make every student feel welcome.

  • 131.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Mendick, Heather
    Freelance Academic, UK.
    Andreas, Ottemo
    Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Silfver, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Walking the line of being a geek or not: race, gender and re-surfacing stereotypes2023In: ECER 2023: Programme, EERA , 2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Who is a geek? In popular media the geeks are often portrayed as the school’s losers who perform well in school but have low status (Salter and Blodget, 2017). The low status of the geek/nerd/swot/boffin in schools has had the implication of making it less attractive to study hard (Francis 2009, Jackson & Nyström, 2015). This is especially true for male students who do a balancing act to not be categorised as a geek or nerd (Asp-Onsjö & Öhrn, 2015; Nyström, 2012; Peltola & Phoenix, 2022). Different negative traits are connected to the geek label, such as not caring what to wear and not being sporty, and sometimes boys perform purposely less well in school to avoid this label (Nyström 2012). At the same time as this geek figure is ‘congenitally uncool’ the geek figure has always been strongly connected to science, technology and computer science, and the position of being a genius (Willey & Subramaniam, 2017). The idea of brilliant geekiness has been so powerful that people seeking to hire computer programmers have looked for signs of it as proof of intelligence and programming ability (Kendal 1999). The geek figure, the awkward genius, primarily white and male, has thus gatekeeping functions in technology.

    However, over the last decades the geek label has shifted significantly: from historically being associated with mockery and an outsider position, the geek has become increasingly dominant both in popular media as well as in economic and cultural structures (Salter and Blodget, 2017; Tocci 2009). This shift is partly displayed in how geeks are celebrated in real life, for example Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, but also how the geek figure has become a central one in popular media. The geek entrepreneur in movies such as Iron man and The Social Network answers ‘contemporary tensions within masculinity and capitalism’ (Mendick et al, 2021, p. 2). According to Tocci (2009), there are four overlapping images of geeks today: the Geek as a misfit, the Geek as a genius, the Geek as a fan and ‘Geek as chic’. The Geek as a misfit has low status and is awkward and the Geek as a genius (with the example of Bill Gates) is passionate about technology. Both these images are in line with how a geek has traditionally been conceived before. However, the Geek as a fan is described as into geeky hobbies (such as games, science-fiction, and other traditionally geeky media), but with a ‘shared sense of childlike playfulness, and potentially a purposeful resistance against broader norms of maturity’ (p. 322), which is not necessarily a low status position. The image of Geek as chic makes it not just okay to be a geek, but it is actually a high-status position, the geeks are thought to represent their own hip subculture of sorts and their own sense of style. 

    How big this shift or movement is around the geek figure is contested and needs to be investigated, especially how the limits and borders have changed in relation to race and gender. There is also an urgent need to address if the geek figure still operates as gatekeeper to technology education. The aim of this study is to explore this shift around the geek figure by interviewing Swedish teenagers about what they think about geeks and geekiness today.  

    Methods/methodology: We did group interviews with 32 students doing their third year in upper secondary school, all being 18-19 years old. These 32 students, 21 boys and 11 girls, were classmates in three different school programmes: the Natural Science Programme, the Technology Programme and the Social Science Programme. The students were asked about what a geek is and how it is possible to know if someone is a geek. We also asked if they saw themselves as geeks and if there are any good or bad sides of being a geek. To prompt them to speak of geekiness, we showed them four clips of people handling technology from four US films: Men in Black (1997) featuring Agent J, The Social Network (2010) a biopic of Mark Zuckerberg, Age of Ultron (2015) with Tony Stark and Bruce Banner, and The Black Panther (2018) with the Princess of Wakanda Shuri teasing her brother T’Challa/Black Panther.

    In our analysis we focused on how the geek figure was positioned by the students in the interviews, how the students related to the geek figure themselves and how the movie characters in the four selected clips were perceived by the students. The first step in our analysis was, after listening to all the interviews carefully, to select instances where geekiness or geeks were described, looking for storylines of geekiness: How do the students position the geek figure? Positioning is the discursive process that people use in conversations to arrange social structures (Davies and Harré, 1990), where positionings can be deliberate, inadvertent, presumptive or taken for granted (Harré et al., 2009). Positionings are always twofold, in that a positioning of someone else also implies a positioning of oneself, so what they express about geeks gives us clues about their own relationship to geekiness. Storylines that are linked to cultural contexts beyond the actual conversation unfold as participants are engaged in positioning themselves and others (Davies and Harré, 1990; Harré and Langenhove, 1999), for example that the geek has suffered and has unhealed wounds (Mendick et al, 2021) or the idea of STEM being a meritocracy (Willey & Subramaniam, 2017). We also analysed how the movie characters Agent J, Mark Zuckerberg, Tony Stark and Bruce Banner, and Shuri and T’Challa were positioned by the students, with a special focus on race and gender.

    Expected outcomes/results: Our results illustrate how upper secondary Swedish students position geeks as belonging to one of two storylines: The storyline of the modern geek where it is cool to be a geek and the position is non-gendered and non-racialised, and The storyline of the stereotypical geek where the geek is white, male, socially awkward, and primally interested in technology. Since the students use the word ‘stereotypical’ when they talk about the low-status geek it is tempting to believe that this position is only a remnant of timed passed, but this storyline is still active in their narratives. For example, they position people at their own school as stereotypical geeks. These two storylines were interlinked. In the storyline of the modern geek the geek position is open for everyone, but this idea was simply not coherent with how many students did not let the character Shuri pass as a geek. The arguments for not positioning her as a geek (apart from being a woman and black), were that Shuri was too good-looking, too well-dressed and too social. Among all the characters we presented to participants, the character of Shuri was the one the students perceived as least authentic. This is interesting, because they continued saying that ‘[today] anyone can become a geek’ and that gender, race, class, and sexuality have no significance. In our reading, this parallel view of what a geek is keeps the myth of a geek meritocracy (Willey & Subramaniam, 2017) intact, at the same time as they clearly were more hesitant to position black women as geeks. Therefore, our data indicates that hopes that the pluralized modern geek position, i.e. ‘the geek is chic’ (Tocci, 2009) will provide a gateway into STEM for black female students are not well-founded.

  • 132.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Silfver, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Danielsson, Anna
    Department of Education, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; School of Education, Communication and Society, King's College London, London, UK.
    In search of the new engineer: gender, age, and social class in information about engineering education2019In: European Journal of Engineering Education, ISSN 0304-3797, E-ISSN 1469-5898, Vol. 44, no 5, p. 650-665Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is widely argued that engineering education needs to change in order to attract new groups of students and provide students with knowledge appropriate for the future society. In this paper we, therefore, investigate and analyse Swedish universities’ websites, focusing on what characteristics are brought to the fore as important for tomorrow’s engineers. The data consist of text and pictures/photos from nine different Engineering Mechanics programme websites. Using a critical discourse analysis approach, we identify three societal discourses concerning ‘technological progression’, ‘sustainability’, and ‘neoliberal ideals’, evident in the websites. These discourses make certain engineering identities possible, that we have labelled: traditional, contemporary, responsible, and self-made engineer. Our analysis shows that universities’ efforts to diversify students’ participation in engineering education simultaneously reveal stereotypical norms concerning gender and age. We also argue that strong neoliberal notions about the self-made engineer can derail awareness of a gendered, classed, and racialized society.

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  • 133.
    Berge, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Weilenmann, Alexandra
    University of Gothenburg.
    Learning about friction: group dynamics in engineering students’ work with free body diagrams2014In: European Journal of Engineering Education, ISSN 0304-3797, E-ISSN 1469-5898, Vol. 39, no 6, p. 601-616Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In educational research, it is well-known that collaborative work on core conceptual issues in physics leads to significant improvements in students’ conceptual understanding. In this paper, we explore collaborative learning in action, adding to previous research in engineering education with a specific focus on the students’ use of free body diagrams in interaction. By looking at details in interaction among a group of three engineering students, we illustrate how they collectively construct a free body diagram together when learning introductory mechanics. In doing so, we have focused on both learning possibilities and the dynamic processes that take place in the learning activity. These findings have a number of implications for educational practice.

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  • 134.
    Bergegårdh, Abe
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Är du demokrat, lille vän? - En läromedelsanalys av Samhällskunskapens demokratimodeller i kurs 1b2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Uppsatsen studerar tre svenska läromedel som omfattar Samhällskunskap kurs 1b i gymnasiet. Den undersöker om dessa lever upp till skolans styrdokuments krav på saklighet och allsidighet samt tar upp olika demokratimodeller i undervisningen kring demokrati och hur dessa värderas. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är Robert Dahls idealtyper för fullständig proceduriell demokrati samt tre demokratimodeller: den liberala, den republikanska och den marxistiska. Slutsatsen är att det finns en tydlig bias, där läroböckerna inte lever upp till styrdokumentens krav på saklighet och allsidighet, utan den liberala demokratimodellen dominerar och värdesätts tydligt positivt i relation till alternativen, om de alls diskuteras.

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  • 135.
    Bergenholm, Malin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Törnqvist, Agnes
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Att lära för stunden eller för livet - En studie om hur elever genom kreativa och imitativa resonemang tillägnar sig kunskaper i matematik2020Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna studie syftar till att öka förståelsen för hur val av resonemangstyp påverkar elevers lärande över tid. Två matchade grupper med elever i årskurs 8 fick antingen lösa uppgifter med givna lösningsstrategier eller uppgifter där de fick konstruera egna lösningar. En kvantitativ analys genomfördes för att undersöka eventuella skillnader i elevers prestationer och en kvalitativ analys gjordes för att studera elevers lösningsstrategier. Studien visade att elever som initialt fått färdiga lösningsstrategier presterade bättre än de som fått konstruera dem själva. Det fanns dock indikationer på att elever som konstruerat egna lösningar presterade bättre över tid. En korrelationsanalys mellan kognitiv förmåga och prestation visade att elever gynnades av att själva konstruera lösningar. Elever i de båda grupperna tillämpade varierande strategier vid både tränings- och testtillfällen. Resultatet visade också att elever som initialt konstruerat egna lösningar tenderade att använda samma strategi vid senare tillfälle i större utsträckning än elever som fått färdiga lösningsstrategier.

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  • 136.
    Bergh, Gustav
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Sandström, André
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Skrivverktyg i skrivundervisningen - En kvalitativ studie om lärares förhållningssätt till skrivverktygen i skrivundervisningen2020Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta är en kvalitativ studie som syftar till att undersöka hur lärare förhåller sig till skrivverktygens möjligheter och utmaningar i skrivundervisningen. I studien deltog fem aktiva svensklärare som undervisar i årskurserna 4–6. Studien använder sig av semistrukturerade intervjuer med intervjufrågor baserade på Roz Ivaničs teori om skrivdiskurser. Teorin om skrivdiskurser används sedan för att presentera resultatet och för att förklara hur lärarna förhåller sig till skrivverktygens möjligheter och utmaningar i olika delar av skrivundervisningen. Resultatet visar att lärarna föredrog dator som skrivverktyg när eleverna ska skriva längre texter, där en av fördelarna med en skrivundervisning på dator är en enkel textbearbetning. Lärarna anser att skrivande för hand har en fortsatt viktig roll i skolan, bland annat för att det hjälper eleverna med den kognitiva förmågan. Lärarna ser främst möjligheter med ett skrivande för hand i andra funktioner än skapande av längre texter, som exempelvis vid anteckningar. Sammanfattningsvis vill lärarna ha en strävan att kombinera de båda skrivverktygen för att främja elevernas lärande.

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  • 137.
    Berglund, Ammie
    et al.
    Katedralskolan, Uppsala.
    Ottander, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Kemilaboration inramad som en samhällsfråga med naturvetenskapligt innehåll (SNI): elev-och lärarperspektiv2019In: Forum för forskningsbaserad NT-undervisning: Bidrag från konferensen FobasNT18 13 – 14 mars 2018 i Norrköping / [ed] Stolpe, K., Höst, G. & Larsson, A., Linköping: Linköpings universitet , 2019, Vol. 3, p. 49-70Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vi har studerat elevers respons på en laboration i gymnasiekursen Kemi 2 som inramats som en SNI (Samhällsfråga med Naturvetenskapligt Innehåll) med koppling till dricksvattenkvalitet. Elevteam fick planera provtagning, analysera och jämföra hårdheten hos dricksvatten från sina hem. Vi frågade oss: 1) Fångar ett SNI-inramat vattenanalysprojekt elevernas intresse?, 2) Vilka frågor om dricksvatten har eleverna före och efter undervisningen samt vad anser de bör fokuseras för att säkra framtidens dricksvatten? och 3) Hur ser elevernas måluppfyllelse ut i bedömda laborationsrapporter? Elever från två klasser i årskurs 2 på naturvetenskapsprogrammet deltog i en lektionsserie med fem lektionspass. Eleverna fyllde i digitala enkäter under det första respektive sista lektionspasset. De frågor som eleverna formulerade analyserades med tematisk innehållsanalys. Laborationsrapporter bedömdes enligt två aspekter av kunskapskraven: vetenskapligt arbete samt samhällskoppling. Elevernas självskattade intresse ökade på gruppnivå. Karaktären på elevernas frågor förändrades i viss mån då fler frågor kopplade till hälsa och ekonomi framkom i slutet av projektet. Samtliga laborationsrapporter var minst godkända för de aspekter som bedömts mot kunskapskraven. Studien ger en kvalitativ bild av hur en laboration i kemi som inramats som en samhällsfråga har fungerat ur ett elev- och lärarperspektiv. Möjligheter att didaktiskt utveckla undervisningens design diskuteras.

  • 138.
    Berglund Bystedt, Carina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Eriksson, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Från screening till verkstad: En fallstudie om speciallärares och lärares samarbete2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna kvalitativa fallstudie syftar till att tillföra kunskap om hur samarbetande samtal och samundervisning kan bidra till att utveckla ett samarbete som kan stödja och stimulera alla elever på gruppnivå. Resultatet visar att det sker ett kunskapsutbyte, och därmed en förändring av lärmiljön, då speciallärare och lärare i diskussioner och reflektioner bidrar med kunskaper utifrån sina olika kompetenser. Gemensam planeringstid och samarbetsvilja är förutsättningar för samundervisning. Framgångsfaktorer i samundervisningssituationen är att lärarna kompletterar varandra och det går att dela klassen eller arbeta enskilt med någon elev. Utmaningar i samarbetet är att inte vara kvar i gamla tankemönster och i stället se alla elever som ett gemensamt ansvar. 

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  • 139.
    Berglund, Jessica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    SUM-elevers motivation för matematik: En aktionsstudie om effekter av laborativ matematik2016Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    En speciallärare bör ha goda insikter i motivationens betydelse för att kunna hjälpa elever i matematiksvårigheter. Laborativ matematik föreslås som ett sätt att motivera elever. I min aktion undersöks om SUM-elevernas (elever med speciella undervisningsbehov i matematik) motivation i matematik påverkas av ett laborativt undervisningssätt. Enkäter och intervjuer används i min studie för att bedöma vilka effekter laborativ matematik har för eleverna. De mäts i termerna av elevernas effekter av attribueringar och grad av inre motivation med utgångspunkt i Medbestämmandeteorin, Attributionsteorin och Målorienteringsteorin. En effekt av aktionsstudien är, att de börjar inse att de har talang. Det handlar om hur mycket de anstränger sig i matematik och inte bristen på förmåga. En annan effekt är att eleverna anser att matematiken är roligare, eftersom de får arbeta praktiskt och i mindre grupp. Man kan uppenbarligen påverka elever med en aktionsstudie, men det är inte säkert att den blir bestående. Det är viktigt att elever lyckas och inte misslyckas om och om igen, för då tappar de sin motivation.

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  • 140. Berglund, Per
    et al.
    Dannetun, Per
    Chan, Wai Lee
    Gold, Julie
    Han, Sam
    Hansson, Heidi
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of language studies.
    Harvey, Simon
    Huang, Jun Song
    Larsson, Ann-Charlotte
    Linton, Steven
    McInerney, Gerald
    Magnell, Marie
    Popov, Oleg
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Quttineh, Nils-Hassan
    Richards, Tobias
    Song, Juha
    Switzer, Adam D.
    Tegler Jerselius, Kristina
    Vikström, Susanne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Wikström, Martin
    Yu, Kang Yang Trevor
    Yeo, Jesvin Puay-Hwa
    Zary, Nabil
    Pohl, Hans
    Ellervik, Ulf
    Linking education and research: a roadmap for higher education institutions at the dawn of the knowledge society2019In: Linking education and research: the results of an international Summer School, Stockholm: The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT) , 2019, p. 11-33Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In an era characterized by a move towards a "knowledge society", universities are central in fostering "knowledgeability", that is the reflexive understanding of knowledge in knowledge societies. The objective of "knowledgeability" can be met through creating a stronger link between education and research. Furthermore, overall student performance, for example in critical thinking and problem solving, can be improved if research-related activities are incorporated into the curriculum.

    The aim of this paper is to use international examples to discuss the research-education nexus from four different perspectives, namely context, policy, implementation and quality, with case studies from higher education institutions in Singapore and Sweden. We suggest that different integrative technologies can be used to enhance the links, but it will be essential to consider the inputs of training, service and support in using new technology. Interestingly, the act of evaluating the link between education and research will increase awareness of this linkage by stakeholders involved in both education and research. In turn the link can be strengthened, contributing to increased quality in both education and research

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  • 141.
    Bergman, Agnes
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Lust att lära matematik: Utomhuspedagogik på mellanstadiet2016Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This is a study of how outdoor education in mathematics might affect the enjoyment in learning. In addition, the study examined whether boys and girls are affected equally by the outdoor education. The study was done in a Swedish city school, in two different fourth grades. Through this survey, teachers can gain more insight into how students' motivation and enjoyment in learning mathematics may increase, which in today's society is decreasing. The method used is mainly quantitative questionnaires supplemented by observations. To analyze the results I used three theory’s; the self-determination theory, the socio-cultural perspective and progressive learning. The result shows that the majority of the pupils in grade four think it is positive to have outdoor lessons in mathematics. They also think it’s the same level of difficulty as the regular classes, but that the learning would increase some. The girls were more positive than boys, but the difference between the two classes was more distinct than the differences between the sexes.

  • 142.
    Bergqvist, Ewa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    University mathematics teachers' views on the required reasoning in calculus exams2012In: The Mathematics Enthusiast, E-ISSN 1551-3440, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 371-408Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Students often use imitative reasoning, i.e. copy algorithms or recall facts, when solving mathematical tasks. Research show that this type of imitative reasoning might weaken the students' understanding of the underlying mathematical concepts. In a previous study, the author classified tasks from 16 final exams from introductory calculus courses at Swedish universities. The results showed that it was possible to pass 15 of the exams, and solve most of the tasks, using imitative reasoning. This study examines the teachers' views on the reasoning that students are expected to perform during their own and others mathematics exams. The results indicate that the exams demand mostly imitative reasoning since the teachers think that the exams otherwise would be too difficult and lead to too low passing rates.

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  • 143.
    Bergqvist, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Bergqvist, Tomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    The role of the formal written curriculum in standards-based reform2017In: Journal of Curriculum Studies, ISSN 0022-0272, E-ISSN 1366-5839, Vol. 49, no 2, p. 149-168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    More than 15 years after the introduction of a standards-based curriculum reform, the mathematics teachers are positive towards the reform message but have not changed their classroom practice accordingly. To improve the impact of future reforms, it is important to learn from this situation and to better understand the role of the national policy documents. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine how the standards-based reform in mathematics in Sweden was conveyed in the formal written curriculum. The research questions focus on to what extent and how clearly the national policy documents convey the message. The results show that the message is present to a large extent in the policy documents, but that it is vague and formulated with complex wording. The study gives concrete examples and shows in detail in what ways the documents are vague and complex.

  • 144.
    Bergqvist, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Bergqvist, Tomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science, Interactive Media and Learning (IML).
    Boesen, Jesper
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    Helenius, Ola
    Örebro universitet.
    Lithner, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Palm, Torulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Palmberg, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Matematikutbildningens mål och undervisningens ändamålsenlighet: grundskolan våren 20092009Report (Other academic)
  • 145.
    Bergqvist, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Bergqvist, Tomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science, Interactive Media and Learning (IML).
    Boesen, Jesper
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    Helenius, Ola
    Örebro universitet.
    Lithner, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Palm, Torulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Palmberg, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Matematikutbildningens mål och undervisningens ändamålsenlighet: gymnasiet hösten 20092010Report (Other academic)
  • 146.
    Bergqvist, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Bergqvist, Tomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Vingsle, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    Wikström Hultdin, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Österholm, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    How mathematical symbols and natural language are integrated in textbooks2020Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In mathematical text and talk, natural language is a constant companion to mathematical symbols. The purpose of this study is to identify different types of relations between natural language and symbolic language in mathematics textbooks. Here we focus on the level of integration. We have identified examples of high integration (e.g., when symbols are part of a sentence), medium integration (e.g., when the shifts between natural and symbolic language occurs when switching to a new line), and low integration (e.g., when symbols and written words are connected by the layout).

  • 147.
    Bergqvist, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Bergqvist, Tomas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Vingsle, Lotta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    Wikström Hultdin, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Österholm, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    How mathematical symbols and natural language are used in teachers’ presentations2020Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, we examine how the use of natural language varies, considering the symbolic language in procedural and conceptual aspects of mathematics.

  • 148.
    Bergqvist, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Dyrvold, Anneli
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Österholm, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Monash University, Melbourne.
    Relating vocabulary in mathematical tasks to aspects of reading and solving2012In: Evaluation and comparison of mathematical achievement: Dimensions and perspectives: Proceedings of MADIF 8, The Eighth Mathematics Education Research Seminar / [ed] Christer Bergsten; Eva Jablonka; Manya Raman, Linköping: Svensk Förening för MatematikDidaktisk Forskning , 2012, p. 61-70Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper focuses on relationships between vocabulary in mathematical tasks and aspects of reading and solving these tasks. The paper contains a framework that highlights a number of different aspects of word difficulty as well as many issues to consider when planning and implementing empirical studies concerning vocabulary in tasks, where the aspect of common/uncommon words is one important part. The paper also presents an empirical method where corpora are used to investigate issues of vocabulary in mathematical tasks. The results from the empirical study show that there are connections between different types of vocabulary and task difficulty, but that they seem to be mainly an effect of the total number of words in a task.

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  • 149.
    Bergqvist, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Jonsson, Bert
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Österholm, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    The processing of mathematical symbols in working memory2020Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This empirical study examines how different types of symbols, familiar and unfamiliar, are processed in working memory; phonologically and/or visuo-spatially.

  • 150.
    Bergqvist, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    Theens, Frithjof
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    Österholm, Magnus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Mathematics Education Research Centre (UMERC).
    Linguistic properties of PISA mathematics tasks in different languages2016In: ICT in mathematics education: the future and the realities: Proceedings of MADIF 10: the tenth research seminar of the Swedish Society for Research in Mathematics Education Karlstad, January 26–27, 2016 / [ed] Häggström, Johan; Norén, Eva; van Bommel, Jorryt; Sayers, Judy; Helenius, Ola; Liljekvist, Yvonne, Göteborg: Svensk förening för MatematikDidaktisk Forskning - SMDF, 2016, p. 147-147Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mathematics PISA tasks are primarily supposed to measure mathematical ability and not reading ability, so it is important to avoid unnecessary demands of reading ability in the tasks. Many readability formulas are using both word length and sentence length as indicators of text difficulty. In this study, we examine differences and similarities between English, German, and Swedish mathematics PISA tasks regarding word length and sentence length. We analyze 146 mathematics PISA tasks from 2000–2013, in English, German, and Swedish. For each task we create measures of mean word and sentence length. To analyze if there are any differences between the three language versions of the tasks, we use t-tests to compare the three languages pairwise. We found that in average, the German versions have the longest words, followed by Swedish and then English. Average sentence length was highest for English, followed by German and then Swedish.

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