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  • 301.
    Abrahamsson, Peter
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Jonsson, Roger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Mangerud, Klas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Digitala betalningar över Internet. Kan något system lyckas?1999Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 302.
    Abrahamsson, Sandra
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Gradin, Tobias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Holm, Einar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Digitalisering & Covid-19: En studie om lärares användning av digitala verktyg2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Digitala verktyg får en allt större plats inom skolvärlden, både inom grundskolans senare år och på gymnasiet; tillgänglighet och möjlighet till 1:1-undervisning är i princip fullständiga landet runt. Denna förändring har förstärkts i och med coronapandemin som drabbade världen under 2020. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om lärares attityder till användningen av digitala verktyg i sin undervisning, samt hur de uppfattar att coronapandemin förändrat detta. För att besvara dessa frågor har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med lärare i svenskämnet, matematik och naturvetenskapliga ämnen, vilka senare har analyserats med en tematisk innehållsanalys. Resultaten visar bland annat 1) att lärare uttrycker en positiv inställning till användandet av digitala verktyg, men inte utan reservationer; 2) att lärare använder digitala verktyg med väl underbyggda syften; 3) att en viss aspekt av digital kompetens, programmering, tycks skapa problem för lärarna; 4) att coronapandemin inte förändrat mycket i lärarnas attityder, mycket på grund av tidsbrist. Detta tyder på att coronapandemin inte på längre sikt kommer påverka hur lärare ser på digitala verktyg i klassrummet, men då pandemin inte ännu är över skulle ytterligare forskning behövas för att klargöra denna fråga.

  • 303.
    Abrahamsson, Signe
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Danielsson, Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Hybridarbetets utveckling, en framgång eller ett misslyckande?: En kvalitativ studie om medarbetares och chefers upplevelser av hybridarbete som arbetsform2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This is a qualitative study, and the purpose is to investigate whether hybrid work is a successful way of working in matters of conflict, leadership, and control. The two questions that form the basis of the analysis are I: What does hybrid work mean and how does this affect employees in practice? And II: What impact does hybrid work have on leadership? The essay was written on behalf of and in collaboration with a Swedish government authority. The purpose of the essay has been developed in collaboration with the authority. Semi-structured interviews have been the main approach to data collection. The interviews took place at the relevant authority with both employees and managers. Thematic analysis based on Braune and Clark’s six steps (2006) has been carried out to analyze the data and to produce the results on which the study is based. The main results that emerged are that hybrid work based on several factors entails both advantages and disadvantages. Some of the results that emerged were that change in leadership is central to hybrid work and that it requires more from managers to adapt to this. There have also been results about loss of control for both managers and employees, as well as both a positive and negative impact on mood due to hybrid work. 

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  • 304.
    Abrahamsson, Simon
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Ny lösning för uppvärmning av Nordanås provbana2016Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    BAE Systems Hägglunds testbana är belägen i Nordanås nordväst om Örnsköldsvik. Detta projekt hade till avsikt att på BAE Systems förfrågan inventera testanläggningens nuvarande oljebaserade värmesystem för att finna ett mer ekonomiskt och miljövänligt alternativ. Utifrån en omfattande litteraturstudie samt kontakt med flera olika leverantörer, undersöktes vilka eventuella värmesystem som skulle kunna vara intressanta utifrån de krav som fanns i Nordanås.

    De alternativa värmesystemen som ansågs vara tekniskt hållbara var följande; bergvärme med lätt biooljepanna, tung biooljepanna eller pelletspanna; pelletspanna, lätt biooljepanna och tung biooljepanna. Dessa alternativ är de som undersökts noggrant i studien och därefter jämförts med det nuvarande värmesystemet i form av ekonomi och miljöpåverkan.

    I en ekonomisk kalkyl jämfördes de olika alternativens kapitalvärde och återbetalningstid. För att jämföra deras miljöpåverkan skapades en kalkyl som utifrån framtagna värden på olika bränslens utsläpp beräknade varje alternativs förväntade årliga utsläpp i form av koldioxidekvivalenter.

    Slutligen konstaterades att om BAE Systems Hägglunds ska byta ut nuvarande systemet bör man antingen investera i ett bergvärmesystem med en lätt biooljepanna som spetspanna eller en konvertering till lätt biooljepanna. Med priser från den tid då rapporten skrevs skulle alternativet med bergvärme ha en beräknad återbetalningstid på ca 6,4 år och kapitalvärdet 1,0 Mkr. Motsvarande värden för alternativet med enbart en lätt biooljepanna uppgick till 1,0 års återbetalningstid samt 0,8 Mkr i kapitalvärde. Den stora skillnaden i återbetalningstid berodde på bergvärmesystemets höga investeringskostnad. Att investera i ett bergvärmesystem ansågs trots detta som ett bra alternativ på grund av den förväntade prisökningen av eldningsolja.

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    Ny lösning för uppvärmning av Nordanås provbana
  • 305.
    Abrahamsson, Sofie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy.
    Berglund, Catarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy.
    Att möjliggöra delaktighet i behandlingen för personer med ätstörningsproblematik: En kvalitativ studie utifrån arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Personer med ätstörningsproblematik kan ha en bristande insikt och ett kontrollbehov gentemot sin ätstörning. De kan även stundtals vara omotiverade till behandling och kan känna svårigheter i att förändra sitt beteende för att kunna bli fri från sin ätstörning. Detta kan försvåra för arbetsterapeuten att få dessa personer delaktiga i behandlingen, och därför blir syftet med studien att belysa arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av vad som kan möjliggöra eller hindra delaktighet i behandlingen för personer med ätstörningsproblematik. Fem arbetsterapeuter intervjuades för att kunna besvara syftet och innehållet analyserades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet presenterades i fyra kategorier; samarbete med patienten, klientcentrerad behandling, att medvetet använda sig själv och motivationens betydelse. Studiens slutsats är att om arbetsterapeuten lyckas skapa ett förtroende hos patienten, kan detta möjliggöra att patienten blir mer motiverad till att vilja bli fri från sin ätstörning. Detta kan uppnås genom att arbetsterapeuten bemöter patienten som en unik och kompetent person och tillsammans med denne reflekterar över personens livssituation och sätter upp mål i behandlingen, vilket leder till en ökad delaktighet i behandlingen. 

  • 306.
    Abrahamsson, Terese
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.
    Specialpedagogiska insatser för förskolebarn som behöver extra stöd i sin sociala kompetens: En kvalitativ studie av pedagogers uppfattningar om barns socialakompetens och betydelsen av anknytning och lek2015Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to describe and analyse nine pedagogues understandings and experiences of preschools work with early childhood interventions and special education for children in need of extra support in their social skills, from a special educational approach. Data was collected by qualitative interviews and the collected material was analysed with the phenomenological approach.The result was analysed through systems theory and three perspectives on special education. The major result showed that attachment is a concept that all respondents seemed to think were important in preschool and the foundation of every child's development. Attachment should permeate the entire preschool environment. The definition of social skills in children was for example requirements of various abilities where components such as turn-taking, consideration,communication and empathy where important. Interaction and collaboration was also important.The play of the children was a good activity and a good opportunity to train social skills, as playsituations clearly demonstrates the abilities required and the unique needs of each child. It was important that educators were present and even participating, in play by introducing, guiding,explaining and interpreting rules in playsituations. Special education is about a systematic approach by including time for teachers to reflect and adapting communication, relationships and indoorenvironments in preschools.

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    Specialpedagogiska insatser för förskolebarn sombehöver extra stöd i sin sociala kompetens
  • 307.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Numerical analysis for random processes and fields and related design problems2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this thesis, we study numerical analysis for random processes and fields. We investigate the behavior of the approximation accuracy for specific linear methods based on a finite number of observations. Furthermore, we propose techniques for optimizing performance of the methods for particular classes of random functions. The thesis consists of an introductory survey of the subject and related theory and four papers (A-D).

    In paper A, we study a Hermite spline approximation of quadratic mean continuous and differentiable random processes with an isolated point singularity. We consider a piecewise polynomial approximation combining two different Hermite interpolation splines for the interval adjacent to the singularity point and for the remaining part. For locally stationary random processes, sequences of sampling designs eliminating asymptotically the effect of the singularity are constructed.

    In Paper B, we focus on approximation of quadratic mean continuous real-valued random fields by a multivariate piecewise linear interpolator based on a finite number of observations placed on a hyperrectangular grid. We extend the concept of local stationarity to random fields and for the fields from this class, we provide an exact asymptotics for the approximation accuracy. Some asymptotic optimization results are also provided.

    In Paper C, we investigate numerical approximation of integrals (quadrature) of random functions over the unit hypercube. We study the asymptotics of a stratified Monte Carlo quadrature based on a finite number of randomly chosen observations in strata generated by a hyperrectangular grid. For the locally stationary random fields (introduced in Paper B), we derive exact asymptotic results together with some optimization methods. Moreover, for a certain class of random functions with an isolated singularity, we construct a sequence of designs eliminating the effect of the singularity.

    In Paper D, we consider a Monte Carlo pricing method for arithmetic Asian options. An estimator is constructed using a piecewise constant approximation of an underlying asset price process. For a wide class of Lévy market models, we provide upper bounds for the discretization error and the variance of the estimator. We construct an algorithm for accurate simulations with controlled discretization and Monte Carlo errors, andobtain the estimates of the option price with a predetermined accuracy at a given confidence level. Additionally, for the Black-Scholes model, we optimize the performance of the estimator by using a suitable variance reduction technique.

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  • 308.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Arnqvist, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Secchi, Piercesare
    Vantini, Simone
    Vitelli, Valeria
    Was it snowing on lake Kassjön in January 4486 BC? Functional data analysis of sediment data2014Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 309.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Häger, Charlotte
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Hérbert-Losier, Kim
    Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre Mid Sweden; University Department of Health Sciences, Östersund, Sweden.
    Pini, Alessia
    MOX – Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano.
    Schelin, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Strandberg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Vantini, Simone
    MOX – Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano.
    An inferential framework for domain selection in functional anova2014In: Contributions in infinite-dimensional statistics and related topics / [ed] Bongiorno, E.G., Salinelli, E., Goia, A., Vieu, P, Esculapio , 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a procedure for performing an ANOVA test on functional data, including pairwise group comparisons. in a Scheff´e-like perspective. The test is based on the Interval Testing Procedure, and it selects intervals where the groups significantly differ. The procedure is applied on the 3D kinematic motion of the knee joint collected during a functional task (one leg hop) performed by three groups of individuals.

  • 310.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Häger, Charlotte
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.
    Pini, Alessia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics. Department of Statistical Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
    Schelin, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Vantini, Simone
    Nonparametric inference for functional-on-scalar linear models applied to knee kinematic hop data after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament2018In: Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, ISSN 0303-6898, E-ISSN 1467-9469, Vol. 45, no 4, p. 1036-1061Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Motivated by the analysis of the dependence of knee movement patterns during functional tasks on subject-specific covariates, we introduce a distribution-free procedure for testing a functional-on-scalar linear model with fixed effects. The procedure does not only test the global hypothesis on the entire domain but also selects the intervals where statistically significant effects are detected. We prove that the proposed tests are provided with an asymptotic control of the intervalwise error rate, that is, the probability of falsely rejecting any interval of true null hypotheses. The procedure is applied to one-leg hop data from a study on anterior cruciate ligament injury. We compare knee kinematics of three groups of individuals (two injured groups with different treatments and one group of healthy controls), taking individual-specific covariates into account.

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  • 311.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Pini, Alessia
    Department of Statistical Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
    Schelin, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Stamm, Aymeric
    Department of Mathematics Jean Leray, UMR CNRS 6629, Nantes University, Nantes, France.
    Vantini, Simone
    MOX – Modelling and Scientific Computing Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Domain selection and family-wise error rate for functional data: a unified framework2023In: Biometrics, ISSN 0006-341X, E-ISSN 1541-0420, Vol. 79, no 2, p. 1119-1132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Functional data are smooth, often continuous, random curves, which can be seen as an extreme case of multivariate data with infinite dimensionality. Just as component-wise inference for multivariate data naturally performs feature selection, subset-wise inference for functional data performs domain selection. In this paper, we present a unified testing framework for domain selection on populations of functional data. In detail, p-values of hypothesis tests performed on point-wise evaluations of functional data are suitably adjusted for providing a control of the family-wise error rate (FWER) over a family of subsets of the domain. We show that several state-of-the-art domain selection methods fit within this framework and differ from each other by the choice of the family over which the control of the FWER is provided. In the existing literature, these families are always defined a priori. In this work, we also propose a novel approach, coined threshold-wise testing, in which the family of subsets is instead built in a data-driven fashion. The method seamlessly generalizes to multidimensional domains in contrast to methods based on a-priori defined families. We provide theoretical results with respect to consistency and control of the FWER for the methods within the unified framework. We illustrate the performance of the methods within the unified framework on simulated and real data examples, and compare their performance with other existing methods.

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  • 312.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Schelin, Lina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Strandberg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Multiresolution clustering of dependent functional data with application to climate reconstruction2019In: Stat, E-ISSN 2049-1573, Vol. 8, no 1, article id e240Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a new nonparametric clustering method for dependent functional data, the double clustering bagging Voronoi method. It consists of two levels of clustering. Given a spatial lattice of points, a function is observed at each grid point. In the first‐level clustering, features of the functional data are clustered. The second‐level clustering takes dependence into account, by grouping local representatives, built from the resulting first‐level clusters, using a bagging Voronoi strategy. Depending on the distance measure used, features of the functions may be included in the second‐step clustering, making the method flexible and general. Combined with the clustering method, a multiresolution approach is proposed that searches for stable clusters at different spatial scales, aiming to capture latent structures. This provides a powerful and computationally efficient tool to cluster dependent functional data at different spatial scales, here illustrated by a simulation study. The introduced methodology is applied to varved lake sediment data, aiming to reconstruct winter climate regimes in northern Sweden at different time resolutions over the past 6,000 years.

  • 313.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Seleznjev, Oleg
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Multivariate piecewise linear interpolation of a random field2011Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider a multivariate piecewise linear interpolation of a continuous random field on a-dimensional cube. The approximation performance is measured by the integrated mean square error. Multivariate piecewise linear interpolator is defined by N field observations on a locations grid (or design). We investigate the class of locally stationary random fields whose local behavior is like a fractional Brownian field in mean square sense and find the asymptotic approximation accuracy for a sequence of designs for large N. Moreover, for certain classes of continuous and continuously differentiable fields we provide the upper bound for the approximation accuracy in the uniform mean square norm.

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  • 314.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Seleznjev, Oleg
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    On the error of the Monte Carlo pricing method for Asian option2008In: Journal of Numerical and Applied Mathematics, ISSN 0868-6912, Vol. 96, no 1, p. 1-10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider a Monte Carlo method to price a continuous arithmetic Asian option with a given precision. Piecewise constant approximation and plain simulation are used for a wide class of models based on L\'{e}vy processes. We give bounds of the possible discretization and simulation errors. The sufficient numbers of discretization points and simulations to obtain requested accuracy are derived. To demonstrate the general approach, the Black-Scholes model is studied in more detail. We undertake the case of continuous averaging and starting time zero,  but the obtained results can be applied to the discrete case  and generalized for any time before an execution date. Some numerical experiments and comparison to the PDE based method are also presented.

  • 315.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Seleznjev, Oleg
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Piecewise multilinear interpolation of a random field2013In: Advances in Applied Probability, ISSN 0001-8678, E-ISSN 1475-6064, Vol. 45, no 4, p. 945-959Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider a piecewise-multilinear interpolation of a continuous random field on a d-dimensional cube. The approximation performance is measured using the integrated mean square error. Piecewise-multilinear interpolator is defined by N-field observations on a locations grid (or design). We investigate the class of locally stationary random fields whose local behavior is like a fractional Brownian field, in the mean square sense, and find the asymptotic approximation accuracy for a sequence of designs for large N. Moreover, for certain classes of continuous and continuously differentiable fields, we provide the upper bound for the approximation accuracy in the uniform mean square norm.

  • 316.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Seleznjev, Oleg
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Spline approximation of a random process with singularity2011In: Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, ISSN 0378-3758, E-ISSN 1873-1171, Vol. 141, no 3, p. 1333-1342Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Let a continuous random process X defined on [0,1] be (m+β)-smooth, 0m, 0<β1, in quadratic mean for all t>0 and have an isolated singularity point at t=0. In addition, let X be locally like a m-fold integrated β-fractional Brownian motion for all nonsingular points. We consider approximation of X by piecewise Hermite interpolation splines with n free knots (i.e., a sampling design, a mesh). The approximation performance is measured by mean errors (e.g., integrated or maximal quadratic mean errors). We construct a sequence of sampling designs with asymptotic approximation rate n^(m+β) for the whole interval.

  • 317.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Seleznjev, Oleg
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Stratified Monte Carlo quadrature for continuous random fields2015In: Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, ISSN 1387-5841, E-ISSN 1573-7713, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 59-72Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider the problem of numerical approximation of integrals of random fields over a unit hypercube. We use a stratified Monte Carlo quadrature and measure the approximation performance by the mean squared error. The quadrature is defined by a finite number of stratified randomly chosen observations with the partition generated by a rectangular grid (or design). We study the class of locally stationary random fields whose local behavior is like a fractional Brownian field in the mean square sense and find the asymptotic approximation accuracy for a sequence of designs for large number of the observations. For the H¨older class of random functions, we provide an upper bound for the approximation error. Additionally, for a certain class of isotropic random functions with an isolated singularity at the origin, we construct a sequence of designs eliminating the effect of the singularity point.

  • 318.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Strandberg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Nonparametric bagging clustering methods to identify latent structures from a sequence of dependent categorical data2022In: Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, ISSN 0167-9473, E-ISSN 1872-7352, Vol. 177, article id 107583Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nonparametric bagging clustering methods are studied and compared to identify latent structures from a sequence of dependent categorical data observed along a one-dimensional (discrete) time domain. The frequency of the observed categories is assumed to be generated by a (slowly varying) latent signal, according to latent state-specific probability distributions. The bagging clustering methods use random tessellations (partitions) of the time domain and clustering of the category frequencies of the observed data in the tessellation cells to recover the latent signal, within a bagging framework. New and existing ways of generating the tessellations and clustering are discussed and combined into different bagging clustering methods. Edge tessellations and adaptive tessellations are the new proposed ways of forming partitions. Composite methods are also introduced, that are using (automated) decision rules based on entropy measures to choose among the proposed bagging clustering methods. The performance of all the methods is compared in a simulation study. From the simulation study it can be concluded that local and global entropy measures are powerful tools in improving the recovery of the latent signal, both via the adaptive tessellation strategies (local entropy) and in designing composite methods (global entropy). The composite methods are robust and overall improve performance, in particular the composite method using adaptive (edge) tessellations.

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  • 319.
    Abramowicz, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Strandberg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Nonparametric clustering methods to identify latent structures from a sequence of dependent categorical dataManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 320.
    Abramowizc, Konrad
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Arnqvist, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Secchi, Piercesare
    Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
    Sjöstedt de Luna, Sara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics.
    Vantini, Simone
    Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
    Vitelli, Valeria
    Oslo University, Norway.
    Clustering misaligned dependent curves applied to varved lake sediment for climate reconstruction2017In: Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print), ISSN 1436-3240, E-ISSN 1436-3259, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 71-85Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we introduce a novel functional clustering method, the Bagging Voronoi K-Medoid Aligment (BVKMA) algorithm, which simultaneously clusters and aligns spatially dependent curves. It is a nonparametric statistical method that does not rely on distributional or dependency structure assumptions. The method is motivated by and applied to varved (annually laminated) sediment data from lake Kassjön in northern Sweden, aiming to infer on past environmental and climate changes. The resulting clusters and their time dynamics show great potential for seasonal climate interpretation, in particular for winter climate changes.

  • 321.
    Abramsson, Andreas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Karlsson, David
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics Education.
    Pojkar som skriver: En kvalitativ studie om vad som utmärker mer avancerade skrivare2017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie är att öka kunskapen om vad som utmärker mer avancerade manliga skrivare på mellanstadiet. Genom en enkätundersökning av pojkars attityder till skrivande samt observationer av pojkars skrivpraktiker före och under ett längre skrivprojekt studerades aspekter som utmärker dessa skrivare gentemot övriga elever. Studien fann att de mer avancerade manliga skrivarna kommer från högutbildade familjer samt att de avancerade skrivarnas positiva attityder till skrivandet var väl förankrade i hemmet. Studien fann också att dessa pojkar i högre uträckning anstränger sig för sin egen, lärarens och sina vårdnadshavares skull än deras klasskamrater. Slutsatsen är att vårdnadshavares värderingar samt att läraren har höga förväntningar på pojkarna avspeglar sig i en vilja att anstränga sig för att lära – vilket i studien visade sig vara nyckeln till att bli en mer avancerad skrivare

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  • 322.
    Abramsson, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Pursiainen, Peter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Sandman, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Systemutveckling som designarbete – En studie av en systemutvecklingsprocess 2003Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 323.
    Abramsson, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Sandman, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Överlever Internet? En granskning av hoten mot Internets infrastruktur2004Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 324.
    Abramsson, Evelina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Grind, Kajsa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Skattning av kausala effekter med matchat fall-kontroll data2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 325.
    Abramsson, Linnea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Följsamhet till behandling med bisfosfonater: En intervjustudie på ortopedavdelningen vid Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Följsamhet till behandling med bisfosfonater: En intervjustudie på ortopedavdelningen vid Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå
  • 326.
    Abramsson, Linnea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    PREVALENCE OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS STOPP/START in elderly people with dementia2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 327.
    Abramsson, Linnea
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Backman, Annica C.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Lövheim, Hugo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Edvardsson, David
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, VIC, Bundoora, Australia.
    Gustafsson, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Use of heart failure medications in older individuals and associations with cognitive impairment2023In: BMC Geriatrics, ISSN 1471-2318, E-ISSN 1471-2318, Vol. 23, no 1, article id 524Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: To achieve the best treatment of heart failure, it is important to use all recommended drugs at their target doses. Given that underuse of medications can occur in individuals with cognitive impairment, we investigated the filled prescriptions and target doses of heart failure medication for older individuals with and without cognitive impairment as well as associated factors.

    Methods: The study was based on two separate datasets. The first dataset, which was based on data from questionnaires sent to nursing homes in Sweden, included 405 individuals with heart failure. The data were linked with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register to obtain information regarding filled prescriptions of heart failure medications and heart failure diagnoses among the population. In the second dataset, medical records of individuals aged 75 years or older admitted to a hospital in northern Sweden were reviewed and individuals with heart failure were identified. Target doses of heart failure medications were evaluated in 66 individuals who lived at home.

    Results: Filled prescriptions of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and loop diuretics were significantly more common in individuals without cognitive impairment (OR 1.087; 95% CI 1.026–1.152, p < 0.05) and (OR 1.057; 95% CI 1.017–1.098, p < 0.05), respectively. There were no significant differences between individuals with and without cognitive impairment in terms of achieving target doses for any of the drug classes. A higher age was associated with fewer filled prescriptions and less ability to reach the target doses of beta blockers (OR 0.950; 95% CI 0.918–0.984, p < 0.05) and (OR 0.781; 95% CI 0.645–0.946, p < 0.05), respectively.

    Conclusions: Our results suggest that individuals with cognitive impairment are partly undertreated for heart failure in that they had fewer filled prescriptions of important heart medications. Separately, the relatively low proportion of older individuals reaching target doses is an important observation and indicates that treatment of heart failure could be further optimised among older individuals.

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  • 328.
    Abramsson, Linnea
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Gustafsson, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Adherence to Bisphosphonates among People Admitted to an Orthopaedic and Geriatric Ward at a University Hospital in Sweden2018In: Pharmacy, E-ISSN 2226-4787, Vol. 6, no 1, article id 20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Oral bisphosphonates are the first choice of therapy to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures. These medications have generally poor oral bioavailability, which may further be reduced by concomitant intake of certain foods and drugs; therefore, it is vital to follow specific instructions. The aim with this study was to assess general adherence to oral bisphosphonates and adherence to specific administration instructions among people admitted to two wards at Umeå University hospital in Sweden. This interview study focuses on elderly patients living at home and prescribed oral bisphosphonates. Invited were 27 patients admitted to an orthopaedic ward and a geriatric ward during the period 28 March 2017 and 5 December 2017. In total, 21 patients were interviewed regarding their adherence to oral bisphosphonates. Out of 21 patients, 13 (62%) were considered non-adherent. The most common reason was calcium intake less than 2 h after oral administration of bisphosphonate (54%). The number of regularly prescribed drugs was significantly higher among patients rated non-adherent to bisphosphonates compared to those rated adherent (p = 0.004). Adherence to bisphosphonates administration instruction among elderly people living at home was limited. More research is needed to confirm these results and to investigate the reasons for non-adherence and how adherence to bisphosphonates can be improved.

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  • 329.
    Abramsson, Linnea
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Gustafsson, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Prevalence of drug-related problems using STOPP/START and medication reviews in elderly patients with dementia2020In: Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, ISSN 1551-7411, E-ISSN 1934-8150, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 308-314Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common among elderly patients with dementia. STOPP/START is an explicit tool that has been used to detect DRPs among elderly patients.

    Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and type of DRPs identified by STOPP/START with DRPs identified by clinical pharmacists among the same population. Secondary objectives were to investigate factors associated with the use of DRPs using the two methods.

    Method: Extracts from medical records were used to identify DRPs in 212 patients by using STOPP/START. The patients were ≥65 years of age with dementia or cognitive impairment. An earlier study was performed in the same study population in 2012–2014, where DRPs were identified by clinical pharmacists in order to decrease the number of rehospitalizations.

    Results: STOPP/START identified DRPs in 72.2% of the patients compared with 66.0% identified by the clinical pharmacists. The numbers of DRPs identified by the different methods were 326 and 310, respectively. Different types of DRPs were identified with the different tools. STOPP/START mainly identified DRPs in the categories “ineffective/inappropriate drug” and “needs additional drug therapy”, whereas the clinical pharmacists identified DRPs in several categories.

    Conclusion: Even though STOPP/START was able to identify a similar number of DRPs compared with DRPs identified by clinical pharmacists, STOPP/START failed to identify DRPs in several important categories. To cover all DRPs, STOPP/START might be used as a complement to implicit criteria.

  • 330.
    Abramsson, Marianne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Social and Economic Geography.
    Housing Careers in a Changing Welfare State2003Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The departure point of this thesis was changes to the welfare state. These changes began during the recession in the 1970s and were emphasised in the beginning of the 1990s. The housing market was particularly affected, as the state almost completely withdrew its engagement. Questions were raised as to how the development of the welfare state and the subsequent changes have affected different sectors of the housing market (social housing) and the housing careers of different groups.

    Besides the introduction the thesis consists of five papers, beginning with a review article on the effect of welfare state changes on the social housing stock in some western countries. The social housing sector (housing the lowest income groups) became more residualised as the concentration of low-income households in this sector increased in most countries. At the same time, government interest in this sector decreased.

    The second, third and fourth papers follow the housing careers of different groups in three Swedish municipalities during the period 1985–1995. Nest-leaving and choice of tenure of the young population, aged 16–24, in the Gävle municipality were studied. A study of two cohorts showed that nest-leaving was postponed during the recession of the early 1990s when unemployment rates were high among young people. A slight increase in moves to co-operative housing was seen during this period. Immigrants in Jönköping, Gävle and Västerås were studied. Results show that the structure of the local housing market as well as time spent in Sweden are important factors in the housing careers of immigrants. In areas with a large share of owner-occupation, immigrants live in this type of housing to a larger extent. A housing career similar to that of the Swedish population is more common among immigrants who have spent a longer time in Sweden. Residential mobility of seniors towards the city centres in the same municipalities showed only a marginal increase in this type of move. However, the characteristics of those moving were those that, to a large extent, characterise the baby boom generation born in the 1940s. As a result, this type of move can be expected to increase as this group retires.

    Finally, the fifth paper follows the housing career of four cohorts during the development of the welfare state after 1945. The cohorts were born in 1925, 1942, 1955 and 1970, respectively. They were interviewed about the meaning attached to the terms size, tenure and location, important factors in the development of Swedish housing policy. Despite differences in the housing market at the start of their housing careers, with time the cohorts developed similar demands on size, standard and location. Tenure was not cohort-specific but was instead discussed as degrees of freedom found in owner occupation or rental tenure.

  • 331.
    Abreu, Clare I.
    et al.
    Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
    Bello, Martina Dal
    Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    Bunse, Carina
    Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Centre for Ecology and Evolution of Microbial Model Systems, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
    Gore, Jeff
    Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    Warmer temperatures favor slower-growing bacteria in natural marine communities2023In: Science Advances, E-ISSN 2375-2548, Vol. 9, no 19, article id eade8352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Earth’s life-sustaining oceans harbor diverse bacterial communities that display varying composition across time and space. While particular patterns of variation have been linked to a range of factors, unifying rules are lacking, preventing the prediction of future changes. Here, analyzing the distribution of fast- and slow-growing bacteria in ocean datasets spanning seasons, latitude, and depth, we show that higher seawater temperatures universally favor slower-growing taxa, in agreement with theoretical predictions of how temperature-dependent growth rates differentially modulate the impact of mortality on species abundances. Changes in bacterial community structure promoted by temperature are independent of variations in nutrients along spatial and temporal gradients. Our results help explain why slow growers dominate at the ocean surface, during summer, and near the tropics and provide a framework to understand how bacterial communities will change in a warmer world.

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  • 332. Abreu, Ilka N.
    et al.
    Aksmann, Anna
    Bajhaiya, Amit K.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Benlloch, Reyes
    Giordano, Mario
    Pokora, Wojciech
    Selstam, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Physiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC).
    Moritz, Thomas
    Changes in lipid and carotenoid metabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during induction of CO2-concentrating mechanism: Cellular response to low CO2 stress2020In: Algal Research, ISSN 2211-9264, Vol. 52, article id 102099Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photosynthetic organisms strictly depend on CO2 availability and the CO2:O2 ratio, as both CO2/O2 compete for catalytic site of Rubisco. Green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, can overcome CO2 shortage by inducing CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). Cells transferred to low-CO2 are subjected to light-driven oxidative stress due to decrease in the electron sink. Response to environmental perturbations is mediated to some extent by changes in the lipid and carotenoid metabolism. We thus hypothesize that when cells are challenged with changes in CO2 availability, changes in the lipidome and carotenoids profile occur. These changes expected to be transient, when CCM is activated, CO2 limitation will be substantially ameliorated. In our experiments, cells were transferred from high (5%) to low (air equilibrium) CO2. qPCR analysis of genes related to CCM and lipid metabolism was carried out. Lipidome was analyzed both in whole cells and in isolated lipid droplets. We characterized the changes in polar lipids, fatty acids and ketocarotenoids. In general, polar lipids significantly and transiently increased in lipid droplets during CCM. Similar pattern was observed for xanthophylls, ketocarotenoids and their esters. The data supports our hypothesis about the roles of lipids and carotenoids in tackling the oxidative stress associated with acclimation to sub-saturating CO2.

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  • 333. Abreu, Ilka N.
    et al.
    Johansson, Annika I.
    Sokolowska, Katarzyna
    Niittylä, Totte
    Sundberg, Björn
    Hvidsten, Torgeir R.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Physiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC). Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
    Street, Nathaniel R.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Physiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC).
    Moritz, Thomas
    A metabolite roadmap of the wood-forming tissue in Populus tremula2020In: New Phytologist, ISSN 0028-646X, E-ISSN 1469-8137, Vol. 228, no 5, p. 1559-1572Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wood, or secondary xylem, is the product of xylogenesis, a developmental process that begins with the proliferation of cambial derivatives and ends with mature xylem fibers and vessels with lignified secondary cell walls. Fully mature xylem has undergone a series of cellular processes, including cell division, cell expansion, secondary wall formation, lignification and programmed cell death. A complex network of interactions between transcriptional regulators and signal transduction pathways controls wood formation. However, the role of metabolites during this developmental process has not been comprehensively characterized. To evaluate the role of metabolites during wood formation, we performed a high spatial resolution metabolomics study of the wood-forming zone of Populus tremula, including laser dissected aspen ray and fiber cells. We show that metabolites show specific patterns within the wood-forming zone, following the differentiation process from cell division to cell death. The data from profiled laser dissected aspen ray and fiber cells suggests that these two cell types host distinctly different metabolic processes. Furthermore, by integrating previously published transcriptomic and proteomic profiles generated from the same trees, we provide an integrative picture of molecular processes, for example, deamination of phenylalanine during lignification is of critical importance for nitrogen metabolism during wood formation.

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  • 334.
    Abreu, Ilka Nacif
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Physiology.
    Ahnlund, Maria
    Moritz, Thomas
    Albrectsen, Benedicte R.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Physiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC).
    UHPLC-ESI/TOFMS Determination of Salicylate-like Phenolic Gycosides in Populus tremula Leaves2011In: Journal of Chemical Ecology, ISSN 0098-0331, E-ISSN 1573-1561, Vol. 37, no 8, p. 857-70Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Associations of salicylate-like phenolic glycosides (PGs) with biological activity have been reported in Salix and Populus trees, but only for a few compounds, and in relation to a limited number of herbivores. By considering the full diversity of PGs, we may improve our ability to recognize genotypes or chemotype groups and enhance our understanding of their ecological function. Here, we present a fast and efficient general method for salicylate determination in leaves of Eurasian aspen that uses ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI/TOFMS). The time required for the liquid chromatography separations was 13.5 min per sample, compared to around 60 min per sample for most HPLC protocols. In leaf samples from identical P. tremula genotypes with diverse propagation and treatment histories, we identified nine PGs. We found the compound-specific mass chromatograms to be more informative than the UV-visible chromatograms for compound identification and when quantitating samples with large variability in PG content. Signature compounds previously reported for P. tremoloides (tremulacin, tremuloidin, salicin, and salicortin) always were present, and five PGs (2'-O-cinnamoyl-salicortin, 2'-O-acetyl-salicortin, 2'-O-acetyl-salicin, acetyl-tremulacin, and salicyloyl-salicin) were detected for the first time in P. tremula. By using information about the formic acid adduct that appeared for PGs in the LTQ-Orbitrap MS environment, novel compounds like acetyl-tremulacin could be tentatively identified without the use of standards. The novel PGs were consistently either present in genotypes regardless of propagation and damage treatment or were not detectable. In some genotypes, concentrations of 2'-O-acetyl-salicortin and 2'-O-cinnamoyl-salicortin were similar to levels of biologically active PGs in other Salicaceous trees. Our study suggests that we may expect a wide variation in PG content in aspen populations which is of interest both for studies of interactions with herbivores and for mapping population structure.

  • 335.
    Abreu Zavaleta, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Disagreement Lost2021In: Synthese, ISSN 0039-7857, E-ISSN 1573-0964, Vol. 199, no 1-2, p. 1899-1932Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper develops a puzzle about non-merely-verbal disputes. At first sight, it would seem that a dispute over the truth of an utterance is not merely verbal only if there is a proposition that the parties to the dispute take the utterance under dispute to express, which one of the parties accepts and the other rejects. Yet, as I argue, it is extremely rare for ordinary disputes over an utterance’s truth to satisfy this condition, in which case non-merely verbal disputes are extremely rare. After examining various responses to the puzzle, I outline a solution using the framework of truthmaker semantics.

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  • 336.
    Abreu Zavaleta, Martin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies.
    Gómez-Torrente on reference to ordinary substances2020In: Manuscrito, ISSN 0100-6045, E-ISSN 2317-630X, Vol. 43, no 4, p. 97-107Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    According to the Kripke-Putnam orthodoxy, a term like 'water' refers to samples of the same substance as the items on the basis of which the term was introduced. However, observations due to Needham (2000) and Leslie (2013) cast doubt on the idea that there is a uniquely privileged notion of substance relevant to the determination of reference, in which case it would seem at best indeterminate what the word `water' refers to. In response to this problem, Gómez-Torrente (2019) has argued that there is a privileged notion of substance that plays a role in the determination of reference, namely, the ordinary notion of substance. This paper argues that Gómez-Torrente's proposal is not successful. Contrary to what Gómez-Torrente supposes, there is no uniquely privileged ordinary notion of substance; rather, there are many notions of substance compatible with the meaning of 'substance' none of which seems privileged over the rest.

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  • 337.
    Abrha Medhanyie, Araya
    et al.
    Mekelle University, Ethiopia.
    Spigt, Mark
    Mekelle University, Ethiopia.
    Tewelde Kifle, Yohannes
    University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa.
    Schaay, Nikki
    University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
    Sanders, David
    University of the Western Cape, South Africa.
    Blanco, Roman
    Digital Campus, India.
    Dinant, Geert-Jan
    Diagnostic Research, Ethiopia.
    Berhane, Yemane
    Umeå University.
    The contribution of health extension workers in improving the utilization of maternal health services in rural areas of tigray, Ethiopia2017In: Revitalizing health for all: case studies of the struggle for comprehensive primary health care / [ed] Ronald Labonté; David Sanders; Corinne Packer; Nikki Schaay., University of Toronto Press, 2017, p. 237-248Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 338.
    Abrudan, Teresa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Psykiska biverkningar av hormonella preventivmedel: En litteraturstudie om samband och riskfaktorer2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 339.
    Absuge, Faiza
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Abdissa, Hermella
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    ATT ARBETA MED HEDERSVÅLD OCH FÖRTRYCK: En kvalitativ studie om insatser, svårigheter och brister i arbetet mot hederskulturen2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Skyddade boendens arbete med kvinnor som är utsatta för hedersvåld och förtryck har under de senaste åren uppmärksammats allt mer. Fler skyddade boenden har öppnats och stödet som ges till hedersutsatta kvinnor inom dessa verksamheter har utvecklats över tid. Ett flertal undersökningar har dock visat att flera yrkesverksamma som jobbar med hedersutsatta saknar tillräckligt med kunskap om problematiken. Flertal rapporter påpekar också att det inte finns en enhetlig definition av fenomenet hedersvåld och därmed behövs mer kunskap och fakta om problematiken för att kunna möta behovet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur socialarbetare inom skyddade boenden i Stockholms län arbetar med hedersutsatta kvinnor samt vilka svårigheter de möter under arbetet med hänsyn till ovanstående problematik gällande kunskapsbristen inom området. Studien bygger på en i huvudsak kvalitativ metod, där vi intervjuat tre personal från tre olika skyddade boenden. Intervjuerna genomfördes utifrån den semistrukturerade metoden där vi hade förberett en intervjuguide med tema och frågeområde. En fenomenografisk ansats tillämpades och analysen av datamaterialet genererades i två kategorier. Resultatet visar att samtliga informanter på skyddade boenden arbetade främst med att skydda kvinnorna från hotbilden. Dessutom erbjöds det stödsamtal, krissamtal och motiverande samtal i samtliga skyddade boenden. Den stora utmaningen under arbetet enligt samtliga informanter är att stötta kvinnor som vill återvända hem trots alla risker. Den främsta svårigheten under arbetet med hänsyn till kunskapsbristen är yrkesverksammas olika uppfattningar om problematiken som skapar förvirring inom arbetsgruppen och försvårar arbetet. Informanterna berättade att vissa yrkesverksamma har en uppfattning om problematiken som inte bygger på fakta vilket ofta kan leda till felbedömning.  Trots alla ovan nämnda svårigheter ansåg inte samtliga informanter behovet av en generell riktlinje i arbetet med hedersutsatta. Samtliga informanter betonade vikten av att uppdatera sig med nya kunskap och vara vaksam på sig själv för att kunna utföra ett faktabaserat arbete. Utifrån studiens resultat kan vi dra slutsats om att arbetet på skyddade boenden handlar främst om att skydda kvinnorna från hotbilden. En detaljerad och generell riktlinje i arbetet med hedersutsatta är inte nödvändig då hedersutsattas hjälpbehov varierar från individ till individ. Detta innebär då att handlingsutrymme ökar ytterligare när det kommer till individuella bedömningar.   

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  • 340.
    Abu Hashish, Feras
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Juratli, Farah
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of applied educational science.
    Digitala verktyg i undervisning: En kvalitativ studie om användandet av digitala verktyg i undervisningen i grundskolan – dess möjligheter och utmaningar2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I skolan idag används digitala verktyg i olika utsträckning av lärare och elever. Syftet med studien är att utreda vilka digitala verktyg som lärarna använder i undervisning i grundskolan. Studien syftar till att även öka kunskapen om hur lärare använder digitala verktyg i sin undervisning samt vad lärarna har för attityder och funderingar kring användandet av digitala verktyg och hur deras digitala kompetens upplevs av dem. Utifrån detta kommer studien att belysa vilka möjligheter och utmaningar lärare anser att digitala verktyg bringar i undervisningen. Studien är kvalitativ och baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer av åtta grundskollärare. Resultatet visar att alla lärare är positiva och motiverade till att använda digitala verktyg i undervisning. Flesta av de intervjuade lärare ser digitala verktyg som ett hjälpmedel till skolans uppdrag för att utveckla elevernas digitala färdigheter och motivera dem under deras lärande. I en framtida forskning skulle det vara intressant att titta på elevernas inställning till hur digitala hjälpmedel används för att skapa en positiv lärmiljö.

  • 341.
    Abu Mdaighem, Mahmoud
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Occupational noise exposure and Raynaud’s phenomenon2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 342.
    Abu Mdaighem, Siwar
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Holm, Emily
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing.
    Patienters erfarenheter i samband med MRT-undersökning: En litteraturstudie2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Magnetresonanstomografi (MRT) är en viktig diagnostisk metod inom hälso- och sjukvården. Fastän MRT-undersökningar är smärtfria upplevs obehagliga känslor hos patienter. Vid MRT-undersökningar spelar röntgensjuksköterskor en stor roll för att säkerställa att patienterna blir väl bemötta med stöd, individuellt anpassad information och god kommunikation. Detta är till för att i förväg kunna vidta åtgärder som motverkar risker, skador och komplikationer vid undersökningar och behandlingar. Det är viktigt att ta tillvara patienternas upplevelser och erfarenheter av en MRT-undersökning för att kunna ytterligare utveckla omvårdnaden.

    Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa patienters erfarenheter i samband med MRT-undersökning.

    Metod: En litteraturstudie med resultat utav åtta kvalitativa studier som besvarar syftet. Dessa artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades sedan. Sökningar utfördes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL.

    Resultat: Litteraturstudiens resultat presenterar tre kategorier och sex underkategorier. Kategorierna var Maktlöshet, Kamp och Möte med det okända. Resultatet visar att patienter upplever MRT-undersökningen olika. Upplevelserna innefattar huvudsakligen en känsla av maktlöshet i varierande grad, otrygghet samt en kamp mot det trånga utrymmet.

    Konklusion: God interaktion och kommunikation mellan patienter och personal samt tydlig och adekvat information om undersökningsproceduren har en stor påverkan på patienters upplevelser och är avgörande om en patient kan klara av undersökningen.

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  • 343.
    Abu, Michael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Law.
    Recognition of right to a healthy environment: breakthrough or stagnancy?: A critical analysis of right to a healhty environment as a fundalmental right and it’s effects on access to climate change justice2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 344.
    Abu, Michael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Law.
    Recognition of right to a healthy environment: breakthrough or stagnancy?: A critical analysis of right to a healthy environment as a fundamental right and its effects on access to climate change justice2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 345.
    ABUDULIMU, ABASI
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
    Effectof Growth Time, Growth Temperature and Light  on Growth Mechanism of C60 nanorods2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In this thesis work C60 nanorods were produced by Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Precipitation method (LLIP) assisted with 10 s of weak sonication. Ethanol and m-dichlorobenzene were used as poor and good solvents of C60, respectively. Five different temperatures, 4, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50                         , were chosen as growth temperatures of different samples to investigate the effect of temperature on the grown structures. Different samples were prepared in the dark and under the light with various growth time to determine the effect of light and growth time on growth of C60 nanorods. The characterization of the grown C60 nanorods were conducted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The result of characterization indicated that the sonication introduced smaller C60 nanostructures; light irradiation and temperature increase (till 40 C0) during the growth time resulted in nanorods with smaller diameter, whereas the long growth time lead to the increase of the diameter of C60 nanorods. The as-grown C60 nanorods synthesized at different conditions possess an hcp crystal structure.    

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    Effect of Growth Time, Growth Temperature and Light on Growth Mechanism of C60 nanorods
  • 346.
    ABUDULIMU, ABASI
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
    Measuring the efficiency and charge carrier mobility of organic solar cells2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    P3HT single layer, P3HT/PCBM bilayer and P3HT/PCBM inverted bilayer devices were produced by spin coating organic layers onto ITO patterned glass in air, and clamping it with an Au coated silicon wafer, as top electrode, at the end (Figure13). Normal and inverted bilayer devices were also fabricated with and without PEDOT:PSS. All devices were divided into two groups by changing concentration of P3HT solution. The first group of devices contained 1.0 wt. % P3HT solution (P3HT in dichlorobenzene); the second group 0.56wt %. Power conversion efficiency, short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor and maximum extracted power were measured on all produced devices.

    In contrast, all devices with 1.0wt % P3HT concentration showed better result than the devices with 0.56wt %. The highest result was obtained for P3HT single layer devices in both cases with short circuit current 56uA/cm2, open circuit voltage 0.94mV, maximum power 11.4uW/cm2 and power conversion efficiency of 0.11%. Inverted bilayer devices performed better than the non-inverted one. The devices with PEDOT:PSS got slightly better performance than the non-PEDOT:PSS used one.

    Charge carrier mobility measurement was done for all fabricated devices with charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) and dark injected space charge limited current (DI-SCLC) methods. All devices showed same magnitude of charge carrier mobility 10-5 cm2/V.s, the highest value still belongs to P3HT single layer device. The charge carrier mobility in all devices observed by DI-SCLC technique is one order of magnitude higher than by CELIV technique. This may be due to DI-SCLC method`s restriction on ohmic contacts between material and electrode.

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    Abdilim
  • 347.
    AbuElmaati, Ahmed
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Business Administration.
    Bernløv, Trym Sørensen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Business Administration.
    Effectiveness of Benefits Management Frameworks: in monitoring and controlling public sectors projects in the United Kingdom2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – This research aims to explore the effectiveness of utilising Benefits Realisation Management (BRM) as part of comprehensive success measures, emphasising the stage in-between appraisal and evaluation of projects in the UK public sector.

    Design/methodology/approach – The study is constructed as a qualitative case study. Semi-structured interviews are used as part of the inductive, exploratory approach to achieve the study's objectives. It employs an approach based on grounded theory for its analysis.

    Findings – This paper suggests that Benefits Realisation Management is not used effectively in the UK public sector during projects lifetime to control and monitor projects and ensure their success. The current reviews of projects and programmes, through their execution, may not be sufficient.

    Research limitations/implications – This study offers contributions to the project success literature and benefits management literature by adding empirically supported insights about BM utilisation during project reviews. The research may be limited primarily by the research method – predominantly the snow-balling data collection. The assumptions made about the UK public sector may limit the broader generalisation of the findings.

    Practical implications – This research may be used to advise the practising managers of the need to maintain benefits orientation after appraisal throughout a project's lifetime and after delivery. Project governance structures are advised to update and improve their current project review practices. The study additionally identifies possible obstacles to the process and biases.

    Originality/value – This paper attempts to fill a literature gap by providing empirical results that explore the success definition and measures and the effectiveness of BRM during project execution and gate reviews.

    Keywords: Benefits Management; Project Success; Project Performance; Performance Measurement; Public Sector.

    Paper type: Research Thesis

     

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    Thesis full text
  • 348. Abu-Elyazeed, R R
    et al.
    Heineman, T
    Dubin, G
    Fourneau, M
    Leroux-Roels, I
    Leroux-Roels, G
    Richardus, J H
    Ostergaard, L
    Diez-Domingo, J
    Poder, A
    Van Damme, P
    Romanowski, B
    Blatter, M
    Silfverdal, Sven Arne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Berglund, J
    Josefsson, A
    Cunningham, A L
    Flodmark, C E
    Tragiannidis, A
    Dobson, S
    Olafsson, J
    Puig-Barbera, J
    Mendez, M
    Barton, S
    Bernstein, D
    Mares, J
    Ratner, P
    Safety and immunogenicity of a glycoprotein D genital herpes vaccine in healthy girls 10-17 years of age: results from a randomised, controlled, double-blind trial2013In: Vaccine, ISSN 0264-410X, E-ISSN 1873-2518, Vol. 31, no 51, p. 6136-6143Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The investigational AS04-adjuvanted herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2) subunit prophylactic vaccine ('HSV vaccine'; GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) has been shown to be well tolerated in adults, but limited data exist for pre-teen and adolescent girls, a likely target population. The primary objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) over 12 months between HSV vaccine recipients and saline recipients (placebo control group) in pre-teen and adolescent girls. The immunogenicity of the HSV vaccine was also assessed.

    METHODS: Healthy girls aged 10-17 years, stratified by age (10-15 years; 16-17 years), were randomised 2:1:1 to receive the HSV vaccine, a hepatitis A vaccine (Havrix™; HAV control) or placebo (saline) according to a 0-, 1-, 6-month schedule. Participants and study personnel not involved in the preparation or administration of vaccines were blinded to treatment. Safety and immunogenicity analyses were performed overall and by age (10-15 years; 16-17 years) and HSV serostatus.

    RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in the percentage of subjects with SAEs was observed between the HSV and saline group, or between the HSV and pooled control (HAV and saline) groups. The HSV vaccine was well tolerated, although a higher incidence of solicited local symptoms was observed in the HSV group than in the control group. Neither age nor HSV serostatus at the time of study entry had an impact on the safety profile of this vaccine. The HSV vaccine was immunogenic regardless of pre-vaccination HSV serostatus. Higher anti-gD geometric mean concentrations were observed in HSV-1 seropositive participants than in HSV-1 seronegative participants.

    CONCLUSION: The HSV vaccine had an acceptable safety profile, and was well tolerated and immunogenic when administered to girls aged 10-17 years regardless of age or HSV pre-vaccination serostatus.

  • 349.
    Abugabbara, Marwan
    et al.
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Gehlin, Signhild
    The Swedish Geoenergy Center, Lund, Sweden.
    Lindhe, Jonas
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Alfa Laval Corporate AB, Lund, Sweden.
    Axell, Monica
    RISE Research Institute of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Holm, Daniel
    Vasakronan AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johansson, Hans
    Umeå ProjektEnergi AB, Umeå, Sweden.
    Larsson, Martin
    RISE Research Institute of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Mattsson, Annika
    Granitor Properties, Malmö, Sweden.
    Näslund, Ulf
    Vasakronan AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Puttige, Anjan Rao
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Berglöf, Klas
    ClimaCheck Sweden AB, Nacka, Sweden.
    Claesson, Johan
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Hofmeister, Morten
    Research Center for Built Environment, Energy, Water and Climate, VIA University College, Horsens, Denmark.
    Janson, Ulla
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Jensen, Aksel Wedel Bang
    Region Midtjylland, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
    Termén, Jens
    Energy Machines, Gävle, Sweden.
    Javed, Saqib
    Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    How to develop fifth-generation district heating and cooling in Sweden?: Application review and best practices proposed by middle agents2023In: Energy Reports, E-ISSN 2352-4847, Vol. 9, p. 4971-4983Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden has an ambitious plan to fully decarbonise district heating by 2030 and to contribute with negative emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050. The vagaries of the energy market associated with climate, political, and social changes entail cross-sectoral integration that can fulfill these national targets. Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) is a relatively new concept of district energy systems that features a simultaneous supply of heating and cooling using power-to-heat technologies. This paper presents best practices for developing 5GDHC systems in Sweden to reach a consensus view on these systems among all stakeholders. A mixed-method combining best practice and roadmapping workshops has been used to disseminate mixed knowledge and experience from middle agents representing industry professionals and practitioners. Four successful implementations of 5GDHC systems are demonstrated and the important learned lessons are shared. The best practices are outlined for system planning, system modeling and simulation, prevailing business models for energy communities, and system monitoring. A roadmap from the middle agents’ point of view is composed and can be utilised to establish industry standards and common regulatory frameworks.

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    fulltext
  • 350. Abu-Ghanem, Yasmin
    et al.
    Fernandez-Pello, Sergio
    Bex, Axel
    Ljungberg, Börje
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Albiges, Laurence
    Dabestani, Saeed
    Giles, Rachel H.
    Hofmann, Fabian
    Hora, Milan
    Kuczyk, Markus A.
    Kuusk, Teele
    Marconi, Lorenzo
    Merseburger, Axel S.
    Tahbaz, Rana
    Staehler, Michael
    Volpe, Alessandro
    Powles, Thomas
    Lam, Thomas B.
    Bensalah, Karim
    Limitations of Available Studies Prevent Reliable Comparison Between Tumour Ablation and Partial Nephrectomy for Patients with Localised Renal Masses: A Systematic Review from the European Association of Urology Renal Cell Cancer Guideline Panel2020In: European Urology Oncology, E-ISSN 2588-9311, Vol. 3, no 4, p. 423-442Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The European Association of Urology (EAU) Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Guideline Panel performed a protocol-driven systematic review (SR) on thermal ablation (TA) compared with partial nephrectomy (PN) for T1N0M0 renal masses, in order to provide evidence to support its recommendations. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and only comparative studies published between 2000 and 2019 were included. Twenty-six nonrandomised comparative studies were included, recruiting a total of 167 80 patients. Risk of bias (RoB) assessment revealed high or uncertain RoB across all studies, with the vast majority being retrospective, observational studies with poorly matched controls and short follow-up. Limited data showed TA to be safe, but its long-term oncological effectiveness compared with PN remains uncertain. A quality assessment of pre-existing SRs (n = 11) on the topic, using AMSTAR, revealed that all SRs had low confidence rating, with all but two SRs being rated critically low. In conclusion, the current data are inadequate to make any strong and clear conclusions regarding the clinical effectiveness of TA for treating T1N0M0 renal masses compared with PN. Therefore, TA may be cautiously considered an alternative to PN for T1N0M0 renal masses, but patients must be counselled carefully regarding the prevailing uncertainties. We recommend specific steps to improve the evidence base based on robust primary and secondary studies.

    Patient summary: In this report, we looked at the literature to determine the effectiveness of thermoablation (TA) in the treatment of small kidney tumours compared with surgical removal. We found that TA could cautiously be offered as an option due to many remaining uncertainties regarding its effectiveness.

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