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  • 551.
    Öhman, Ann
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Global public health and gender theory: the need for integration.2008Inngår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 36, nr 5, s. 449-51Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 552.
    Öhman, Ann
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Sjukgymnastik.
    Profession on the move: Changing conditions and gendered development in physiotherapy2001Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Physiotherapy in Sweden has developed from a practical, hands-on, assistant job predominantly taught at college level to a university-based academic discipline emphasising evidence-based practice and research. Women are in majority although an increasing number of men have entered the profession. Women and men physiotherapists tend to undertake different career paths. The overall aim of the present thesis was to use a gender perspective to describe and analyse attitudes to the professional role, health care work and the development of the profession among actors engaged in physiotherapy education.

    A questionnaire was distributed in 1997 to all Swedish physiotherapy students in the second semester of the education (n=273). The same cohort was investigated in 1999 at the completion of the education. The response rate was 93 percent at both occasions. For an international comparison, the same questionnaire was distributed in 1997 and in 1999 to a group of Canadian physiotherapy students in their first and last semesters (n=60). Qualitative research interviews were conducted with 8 novices in physiotherapy and with 14 women educators in academia. Five focus group discussions with clinical supervisors were conducted (10 women and 5 men). Methods used were Grounded theory, factor analysis, logistic regression and path analysis. Feminist theories and Bourdieu's theory of culture constituted a theoretical framework

    Four ideal types were identified among the novices representing attitudes to the professional role. The Treater and The Supervisor were attitudes found among the women, whereas The Coach and The Entrepreneur were attitudes among the men. Type of health care facility was important for their positioning in the organisational hierarchy. Swedish students favour future employment in private practice. Sports medicine clinics and fitness centres are health care facilities highly endorsed, as is health promotion. Neither care of elderly nor hospital work are preferable fields of practice. Research is not favoured. Men students are more likely to have chosen the profession because of their interest in physical activity and sports. They are also more likely to prefer owning a private clinic and working with alternative approaches such as fitness training in sports medicine clinics. Women students are more likely to prefer an employment in private practice. The Canadian men students favour private practice whereas the women prefer the public sector of health care. The academic educators experience a gap between theory and practice which causes conflicting messages to students. Competing professions, emergent societal change and a conservative clinical practice constitute threats to the profession. The uniqueness of professional competency, theoretical development and new arenas such as home rehabilitation, consulting and research constitute a vision for future development of the profession. Masculinity is highly valued for status and power whereas femininity symbolises empathy and caring. The clinical supervisors update their theoretical knowledge base through supervision of students, but claim that students lack hands-on skills. Stress at work, unequal power relations in the hierarchy and restructuring of health care are factors that influence work satisfaction negatively. To conclude, gendered habitus, different symbolic capital and different attitudes towards health care work and development of the profession were found in the sub-fields of physiotherapy.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Profession on the move
  • 553.
    Öhman, Ann
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Qualitative methodology for rehabilitation research.2005Inngår i: J Rehabil Med, ISSN 1650-1977, Vol. 37, nr 5, s. 273-80Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 554.
    Öhman, Ann
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Hägg, Kerstin
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för barn- och ungdomspedagogik, specialpedagogik och vägledning (BUSV).
    Dahlgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Sociologiska institutionen.
    A stimulating, practice-based job facing increased stress: Clinical supervisors’ perceptions of professional role, physiotherapy education and the status of the profession2005Inngår i: Advances in Physiotherapy, ISSN 1403-8196, E-ISSN 1651-1948, Vol. 7, nr 3, s. 114-122Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to study perceptions of professional role, education and the status of the profession among clinical physiotherapy supervisors. Five focus group discussions were conducted with 15 supervisors attached to four universities in Sweden. Qualitative analyses were carried out using constant comparisons. Triangulation of researchers was used to increase trustworthiness. The supervisors experienced themselves as being in the centre of two competing and changing fields - the academic setting and the clinic in healthcare organization. The contact with students and their updated knowledge base were the most positive aspects of being clinical supervisors. To create a good learning environment for the students was considered important, but lack of time in all aspects of the work created stress and dissatisfaction. Students’ hands-on skills and treatment techniques were regarded to be rather poor and there is too much emphasis on theoretical knowledge and research methods in the curriculum. The physiotherapy profession has potentials to develop in innovative fields such as health promotion and disease prevention outside the hospitals, but healthcare with its hierarchical organization is a hindrance for this development. Collaborative efforts to bridge the gap between university and clinical setting are needed.

  • 555.
    Öhman, Ann
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Sjukgymnastik.
    Hägg, Kerstin
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för barn- och ungdomspedagogik, specialpedagogik och vägledning (BUSV).
    Dahlgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Competent women and competing professions: Physiotherapy educators' perceptions of the field1999Inngår i: Advances in Physiotherapy, ISSN 1403-8196, E-ISSN 1651-1948, Vol. 1, nr 2, s. 59-72Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Career choices are still strongly gendered in health care professions. In Sweden, physiotherapy is a middle-class women's profession that nowadays also attracts men. Career strategies and professional development in physiotherapy are sparsely studied from a gender perspective. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe and analyse perceptions of individual professional development, physiotherapy education and the profession in general, among a group of women educators in physiotherapy, using a gender theoretical framework and some of Bourdieu's theoretical concepts in the analysis. Thematized in-depth interviews with fourteen educators in physiotherapy were performed. The analysis used the Grounded Theory method of constant comparison. To increase credibility, the study design used triangulation in interviewers and investigators, member checking and reference group checking. Three core categories were identified. The Competent Woman category involves the professional development of the educators, including aspects of competence, success, efficiency and flexibility. Perceptions of femininity and masculinity reflect the symbolic dimension of gender. Femininity is regarded as symbolic capital for empathy and care, while masculinity represents status and power. The core category Theory-Practice Gap describes the isolated position of physiotherapy education in relation to the field of health care. The fragmented and disintegrated professional knowledge base does not facilitate the development of the profession. The core category Profession under Change reflects ideas about physiotherapy in society. Other female health care professions, ongoing societal change and conservative physiotherapy practices constitute a threat to the future development of the field. Visions for future development of the field emphasized the importance of professional competence and engagement in innovative activities in new arenas and new professional roles. The results shed light on the symbolic dimension of gender in a professional field where femininity is connected with academic success, empathy and care, while masculinity is related to business mentality, status and power. Notions of competition include both internal and external factors affecting the field of physiotherapy.

  • 556.
    Öhman, Ann
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Sjukgymnastik.
    Stenlund, Hans
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Dahlgren, Lars
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Career choice, professional preferences and gender ?:  the case of Swedish physiotherapy students2001Inngår i: Advances in Physiotherapy, ISSN 1403-8196, E-ISSN 1651-1948, Vol. 3, nr 3, s. 94-107Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to identify reasons for the career choice and professional preferences among students enrolled in the Swedish physiotherapy education. The study design was longitudinal and used a questionnaire administered to a cohort of 273 students in the beginning of the university programme in 1997 as well as at the completion of the programme in 1999, yielding a response rate of 93%. Data were analysed with factor analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. To test the relationship between the factors and outcomes that showed significant effect in the logistic regression analysis, a path analysis was performed. The two most preferred healthcare facilities after graduation were sports medicine clinics and fitness centres. Future work in private practice was highly endorsed by a majority of students. Health promotion was highly valued. Care of elderly and hospital work were not preferred. Significant differences between men and women appeared. Men were more likely to have chosen the programme because of their interest in sports and physical activity. Men were also more choice decided about future professional activities, whereas women were more open for several areas of practice. Men preferred to become the owner of a private clinic and to work with alternative approaches to healthcare, such as fitness training in sports medicine clinics.

  • 557. Östman, J
    et al.
    Lönnberg, Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Arnqvist, H J
    Blohmé, G
    Bolinder, J
    Ekbom Schnell, A
    Eriksson, J W
    Gudbjörnsdottir, S
    Sundkvist, G
    Nyström, Lennarth
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap.
    Gender differences and temporal variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes: results of 8012 cases in the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden 1983-2002.2008Inngår i: Journal of internal medicine, ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 263, nr 4, s. 386-94Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To establish the gender difference amongst newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients aged 15-34 years, considering age at diagnosis, temporal trend and seasonal variation at time of diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: A population-based prospective study with a mean annual population at risk of 2.3 million. SETTING: All departments of medicine, endocrinology and paediatrics and primary health care units in Sweden. SUBJECTS: Incident cases of diabetes aged 15-34 years at diagnosis 1983-2002. MEASURE INSTRUMENT: Basic characteristics of patients at diagnosis were reported by the diagnosing doctor on a standardized form. Level of ascertainment was estimated at 80-90%. RESULTS: Amongst all incident cases (n = 8012), 74% was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The mean annual incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 12.7/100,000, in men 16.4/100,000 and in women 8.9/100,000. The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased slowly by increasing age but was in all age groups higher in men, yielding an overall male/female ratio of 1.8. In both genders the incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased in average of 1.0% per year. A seasonal pattern with significantly higher incidence during January-March and lower during May-July was seen in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: A clear male predominance of type 1 diabetes was seen in all ages. The temporal trend and the seasonal pattern was similar in men and women. Hence, internal factors related to the gender rather than differences in the exposure to environmental factors seem to explain the consistent male-female bias in the postpubertal risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

9101112 551 - 557 of 557
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