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  • 1.
    Essalhi, Mohamed
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Halil Avci, Ahmet
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Lipnizki, Frank
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden .
    Tavajohi, Naser
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    The potential of salinity gradient energy based on natural and anthropogenic resources in Sweden2023In: Renewable energy, ISSN 0960-1481, E-ISSN 1879-0682, Vol. 215, article id 118984Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents assessment of natural and anthropogenic sources of blue energy within Swedish territory to identify suitable spots for implementing new projects. The natural energy potential of salinity gradients was found to be higher in southwest Sweden, and a national energy resource potential of 2610.6 MW from seawater/river water mixing will be reduced to a technical potential ranging from 1044.3 MW to 1825.4 MW considering technical and environmental constraints. It has been found that the theoretical extractable energy potential in Sweden is equivalent to 13% of the total electricity consumption and 6.2% of the total final energy consumption by energy commodities.

    Anthropogenic water sources were also highlighted as promising low and high-concentration solutions for SGE extraction. Gotland was identified as an attractive location for generating salinity gradient power. The total salinity gradient power obtainable by mixing municipal wastewater with seawater in Sweden was estimated to be 11.8 MW. The most promising site for this process was determined to be Gryaab AB Ryaverket in Gothenburg, which accounted for 45.8% of the total national potential from anthropogenic sources.

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  • 2.
    Molin, Gustav
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
    Bubble curtains with vertical tubes: A way to deter fish from hydro power intakes2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This project was performed on assigment of Vattenfall R&D in Älvkarleby. The project was a first step in evaluating whether bubble curtains with vertical tubes could be suitable for diverting fish from hydro power intakes into fish passages. To determine this, prototypes were constructed, where one was tested in still water and one in running water. The tests in still water were carried out in a large cylindrical tank and the tests in running water were carried out in Kungsr¨annan in ¨Alvkarleby. A number of test variables were developed to be able to vary the tests. These test variables were hole size, number of holes, tube center-to-center distance, air flow and water velocity. The tests were carried out without fish, but a number of indicators were developed to be able to compare and evaluate the tests. For the tests in still water, these indicators were the width of the bubble curtain created by a single tube and the horizontal movement of the air bubbles, to determine whether the hydrostatic pressure from the surrounding water had any effect on the appearance of the bubble curtain. For the tests in running water, the indicators were the bubble curtain density, the curvature of the tubes and the movement of the tubes. All experiments were documented using cameras and the results were then obtained through image processing in the software MATLAB. The results showed that the width of the bubble curtain created by a single tube varied between 12 and 34 cm for pressures between 0.5 and 2.0 bar. It was concluded that the hydrostatic pressure was of minimal significance for the appearance of the bubble curtain, at least for depths up to 1.95 m. For the tests in running water, the air flow rate and tube center-to-center distance was of the greatest importance for the bubble curtain density. The curvature of the tubes were most affected by the size of the holes and the movement of the tubes were most affected by the number of holes.

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