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Background: Empathy has proven to be a fundamental component in the patient-doctor relationship and correlates to several positive outcomes in patient care. Despite this, research suggests that empathy decreases during medical education. To increase the understanding of empathy development during medical education, this study explores medical students’ experiences of learning empathy in the transition from theoretical to practical context.

Methods: Eleven semi-structured interviews with students at a medical school in Sweden. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using grounded theory.

Results: The analysis resulted in three categories and a core category "Lost in translation". Early on, students regard empathy as a valued and necessary skill. While students generally encounter high expectations of being empathic, they also met gendered expectations. There is a mismatch between the theoretical and the practical teaching of empathy. The core category refers both to the students feeling lost in their own professional development and empathy becoming lost in the translation from theory to clinical practice.

Conclusion: The results describe clashes between theory and clinical reality and the efforts of the students to develop and maintain empathy in this context. To encourage students to develop empathy it is necessary for both educators and practitioners to acknowledge, and attempt to bridge, the gap between the theoretical and the practical curriculum regarding empathy.

Many motor tasks are comprised of sequentially linked action phases, as when reaching for, lifting, transporting, and replacing a cup of coffee. During such tasks, discrete visual, auditory and/or haptic feedback are typically associated with mechanical events at the completion of each action phase, as when breaking and subsequently making contact between the cup and the table. An emerging concept is that important sensorimotor control operations, that affect subsequent action phases, are centred on these discrete multisensory events. By predicting sensory feedback at the completion of action phases, and comparing with the actual feedback that arises, task performance can be continuously monitored. If errors are detected, the sensorimotor system can quickly respond with task-protective corrective actions. The aim of this study was to investigate how discrete multisensory feedback at the completion of action phases are used in these control operations. To investigate this question, 42 healthy human participants (both male and female) performed a visually guided sequential reaching task where auxiliary discrete visual, auditory and/or haptic feedback was associated with the completion of action phases. Occasionally however, this feedback was removed in one or two modalities. The results show that although the task was visually guided, its control was critically influenced by discrete auditory and haptic feedback. Multisensory integration effects occurred, that enhanced the corrective actions, when auditory feedback was unexpectedly removed along with haptic or visual feedback. This multisensory enhancement may facilitate the ability to detect errors during sequential actions and amplify task-protective corrective actions.

Electromobility contributes to decreasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel dependence, as well as increasing the integration of renewable energy resources. The increasing interest in using electric vehicles (EVs), enhanced by machine learning (ML) algorithms for intelligent automation, has reduced the reliance on. This shift has created an interdependence between power, automatically, and transportation networks, adding complexity to their management and scheduling. Moreover, due to complex charging infrastructures, such as variations in power supply, efficiency, driver behaviors, charging demand, and electricity price, advanced techniques should be applied to predict a wide range of variables in EV performance. As the adoption of EVs continues to accelerate, the integration of ML and especially deep learning (DL) algorithms will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of sustainable transportation. This paper provides a mini review of the ML impacts on mobility electrification. The applications of ML are evaluated in various aspects of e-mobility, including battery management, range prediction, charging infrastructure optimization, autonomous driving, energy management, predictive maintenance, traffic management, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), and fleet management. The main advantages and challenges of models in the years 2013–2024 have been represented for all mentioned applications. Also, all new trends for future work and the strengths and weaknesses of ML models in various aspects of mobility transportation are covered. By discussing and reviewing research papers in this field, it is revealed that leveraging ML models can accelerate the transition to electric mobility, leading to cleaner, safer, and more sustainable transportation systems. This paper states that the dependence on big data for training, the high uncertainty of parameters affecting the performance of electric vehicles, and cybersecurity are the main challenges of ML in the e-mobility sector.

Preheating with hot air at 85 – 125 °C was evaluated for its effectiveness in removing terpenes and terpenoids in softwood sawdust, thereby enhancing fungal preprocessing and subsequent saccharification of softwood-based mushroom substrates. Sawdust from pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) was preheated prior to shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) cultivation. Preheating removed up to 96 % of terpenes in pine- based substrates and up to 50 % in spruce-based substrates. Additionally, preheating decreased total terpenoids content in spruce by up to 78 %. For the pine-based substrate, the mild heating generally led to faster colonisation and improved mushroom yield, with the fastest mycelia colonisation and highest yield observed for 105 °C treatment. This temperature was associated with the lowest content of total terpenes and absence of major monoterpenes. The content of terpenes and terpenoids continued to decrease during cultivation, alongside fungal degradation of lignocellulose. As a result of more extensive lignin degradation, the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose was higher for spruce-based spent mushroom substrate than for pine-based one (up to 89 % vs. 49 % conversion). Enzymatic digestibility showed a negative correlation with the α-pinene content, and a positive correlation with increasing preheating temperatures.

Background: Digitalization has profoundly transformed health care delivery, especially within primary health care, as a crucial avenue for providing accessible, cost-effective care. While eHealth services are frequently highlighted for improving health care availability and promoting equality, it is essential to recognize that digitalization can inadvertently exclude individuals who lack the prerequisites to use eHealth services, that is, those with low eHealth literacy. Previous research has identified lower eHealth literacy among older individuals, those with lower educational levels, and those who use the internet less frequently. However, in a Swedish context, only a few studies have investigated eHealth literacy. Objective: This study investigated eHealth literacy and its association with health-related internet use and sociodemographic characteristics among primary health care visitors. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a quantitative, descriptive approach. Swedish-speaking patients visiting a primary health care center participated by answering the multidimensional eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) and questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics and internet usage. The study compared mean scores using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. A logistic regression analysis also explored the associations between eHealth literacy and significant independent variables identified in the univariate analyses. Results: As a group, the 172 participants rated highest in understanding and engagement with their health (median eHLQ score 3, IQR 2.8-3.4), as well as in feeling secure about the confidentiality of eHealth services (median eHLQ score 3, IQR 2-3), while they rated lower in motivation to use eHealth (median eHLQ score 2.6, IQR 2-3), the suitability of eHealth services to their personal needs (median eHLQ score 2.75, IQR 2-3), and their perceived ability to understand and use health-related internet information (median eHLQ score 2.6, IQR 2-3). The logistic regression analysis identified that lower eHealth literacy was associated with older age, particularly in domains related to finding, understanding, and using health-related internet information (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI 1-1.05; P=.03); digital technology use (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08; P<.001); and accessing well-functioning eHealth services (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1-1.05; P=.03). Additionally, in the logistic regression analysis, perceiving health-related internet information as not useful was linked to lower literacy in all eHLQ domains except one. Conclusions: Our findings regarding the primary challenges within our sample underscore the importance of developing and tailoring eHealth services to accommodate users' individual needs better, enhancing motivation for eHealth use, and continuing efforts to improve overall health literacy. These measures, which both eHealth developers and health care professionals should consider, are crucial for addressing the digital divide and expanding access to eHealth services for as many people as possible.

The global landscape of professional training in environmental health, encompassing ecological public health or environmental public health, lacks consistent global implementation for training programs for public health practitioners, clinical professionals, and individuals across various disciplines, as well as standardized curricula for undergraduates. This training gap is related to the overall lack of capacity in addressing the population impacts of the triple challenge of pollution, biodiversity loss, and climate change, impeding the worldwide transition to and development of ecological sustainability. This paper reviews existing approaches and their potential to address implementation challenges within the necessarily tight timescale. Spreading of best practice appears feasible even without substantial additional resources, through the reorientation of current practices via comprehensive multi-disciplinary training programs. By adopting international best practices of training in environmental health, the focus in training and education can shift from future decision-makers to enhancing the competencies of current professionals and their institutions.

Purpose: Based on the well-known risks associated with deviating from established routines in primary healthcare and the positive consequences of upholding them, the purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the role of meaningfulness in the enactment of organizational routines.

Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on 24 semi-structured interviews with three different professional categories in primary healthcare in Sweden. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis on a latent level, combined with a two-factor model as sensitizing concepts.

Findings: Differences are identified between factors that reduce meaninglessness (called “sufficiency factors”) and those that enable meaningfulness (called “meaningfulness factors”). Nine sufficiency factors and six meaningfulness factors explain what makes organizational routines perceived as meaningful by the different professional groups. A two-factor matrix is developed that highlights the intricate challenges associated with routine enactment based on these factors.

Originality/value: The study is unique in that it is the first to integrate research on organizational routines and meaningfulness. However, understanding meaningful organizational routines is not only essential because it is an overlooked area in both of these two streams of research but also because of its clear, practical relevance in the primary healthcare setting.

This paper explores the concept of “safe spaces” in digital learning environments, specifically in the context of gender studies educa-tion. Through a pedagogical development project called Safe Spaces Online, we collaborated with colleagues and students to address the complexities of safety in online education. Rather than reproducing the often-sensationalized portrayal of gender studies students and university settings found in mainstream media, our project examines how concerns around safe spaces are understood and realized in our courses and how these concerns influence our pedagogical practices. Drawing on our project experiences, this paper discusses how safety is understood and conceptualized in our gender studies teaching.

Our discussion reflects insights gained through dialogue with both colleagues and students, aiming to enrich and bring nuance to the polarized debates on safe spaces in higher education, particularly those concerning gender studies students. Our analysis reveals that online safe spaces in gender studies are understood in ways that significantly diverge from popular media portrayals. Contrary to narratives dominated by terms such as “trigger warnings” and “cancel culture”, students express a need for safe online spaces characterized by structure, clarity, relational engagement, and teacher presence. This paper seeks to contribute to a more balanced understanding of safe spaces by highlighting the practical and relational aspects valued by students in gender studies learning environments.

Background: Individuals with a restrictive spirometric pattern have a high burden of cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity.

Objective: To assess prevalence of elevated cardiac biomarkers among individuals with a restrictive spirometric pattern compared to those with a normal lung function and to evaluate the association between cardiac biomarkers and mortality.

Methods: In 2002–04, individuals with airway obstruction were identified from population-based cohorts, together with age- and sex-matched non-obstructive referents. The analysis population consisted of the non-obstructive referents stratified according to whether they had a restrictive spirometric pattern or normal lung function in whom cardiac biomarkers were measured. Deaths were recorded until 31 December 2010.

Results: Participants with a restrictive spirometric pattern were older and more likely to be obese with a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors than those with normal function. Elevated cardiac troponin but not natriuretic peptide levels were more common in those with a restrictive spirometric pattern independent of age, sex, BMI, or risk factors (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.29–2.74). At 5 years, death occurred more frequently in participants with restrictive spirometric pattern compared to those with normal function (15.7% [31/197] versus 7.6% [57/751]), with highest mortality rate in those with restriction and elevated cardiac troponin (28.7% [27/94]). Cardiac troponin was independently associated with death among those with a restrictive spirometric pattern (HR 4.91, 95% CI 1.58–15.26) but not in those with normal lung function.

Conclusion: Cardiac troponin was elevated more often in people with a restrictive spirometric pattern in whom it was a strong independent predictor of death.

Detta examensarbete undersöker riskfaktorer, rekryteringsprocessen samt de åtgärder som svenska myndigheter vidtar i samband med gängkriminalitet bland ungdomar. Problemområdet är av stor samhällsrelevans, särskilt med tanke på den pågående ökningen av våldsbrott och gängkriminalitet i Sverige. Under året 2024 har 240 skottlossningar inträffat i skrivande stund i Sverige, varav 39 av dem varit dödliga (Kvartal, 2024). Detta indikerar en allvarlig samhällsutmaning som kräver djupare förståelse och åtgärder för att förhindra vidare eskalering. Syftet med studien är att undersöka de olika riskfaktorer som bidrar till ungdomars rekrytering till kriminella nätverk i Sverige, samt att analysera de åtgärder som svenska myndigheter implementerar för att hantera denna problematik. De identifierade riskfaktorerna omfattar miljöfaktorer, skolfaktorer, familjefaktorer och individuella faktorer, som sammantaget belyser möjliga orsaker till varför ungdomar dras in i kriminella gäng. I studien belyses också rekryteringsprocessen för att öka förståelsen för hur och varför ungdomar rekryteras, samt vilka strategier de kriminella gängen använder i detta syfte. Vidare undersöks de åtgärder som myndigheterna vidtar för att erbjuda stöd och hjälp åt de utsatta ungdomar samt för att motverka spridningen av gängkriminalitet bland unga.

Studien har genomförts som en litteraturstudie i form av en scoping-review. Relevant litteratur, vetenskapliga artiklar samt annan sekundärdata har inhämtats och analyserats för att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor på ett så adekvat sätt som möjligt. Källmaterialet har samlats in via etablerade databaser såsom Diva Portal, Socindex och Google Scholar. En scoping-review innebär att man systematiskt samlar in och granskar befintlig forskning och data för att belysa ett forskningsområde, vilket gör denna metod särskilt lämpad för att ge en översikt över det aktuella kunskapsläget (Munn et al, 2018). I resultatdelen diskuteras och syntetiseras de identifierade riskfaktorerna, rekryteringsprocessen samt myndigheternas åtgärder. Riskfaktorerna delas in i fyra huvudkategorier: miljö, skola, familj och psykologiska faktorer, de diskuteras i relation till etablerade teorier om socialisering och gängkriminalitet. Rekryteringsprocessen belyses genom att undersöka de metoder och strategier som kriminella gäng använder för att rekrytera unga individer. Vidare behandlas de förebyggande åtgärder som svenska myndigheter, såsom socialtjänst, polis och skolor, vidtar för att stötta de unga och motverka rekrytering till gäng. Studien belyser att det finns en komplex samverkan mellan individuella, sociala och strukturella faktorer som påverkar ungdomars rekrytering till kriminella gäng. Rekryteringen är ofta en process som involverar både psykologiska och sociala faktorer där unga individer lockas av gängens löften om tillhörighet och ekonomisk vinning. Vidare framgår det att de åtgärder som svenska myndigheter vidtar är komplexa och varierande, men det finns behov av en mer sammanhållen och långsiktig strategi för att effektivt motverka gängrekrytering bland unga.

Objectives: To investigate the association between gait speed and depressive disorders among very old adults (≥85 years).

Method: This study utilized the GERDA-database, which encompasses a representative sample of those aged 85, 90, and 95+ years residing in northern Sweden and western Finland. From four data collections between 2000 and 2017, this study included 1794 participants. Self-paced gait speed was measured over 2.4-m and depressive disorders was evaluated by a specialist in geriatric medicine according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. T-tests and multivariable logistic regressions were used to explore differences and associations between gait speed and depressive disorders.

Results: Gait speed was independently associated with depressive disorders among very old adults (p <.001). The results showed significantly different mean gait speeds (m/s) between individuals with/without a depressive disorder (0.34 ± 0.24/0.52 ± 0.26, p <.001), between individuals with a depressive disorder with/without antidepressant treatment (0.35 ± 0.24/0.44 ± 0.24, p <.001) and between non-responders/responders to antidepressants (0.36 ± 0.21/0.42 ± 0.22, p =.020).

Conclusion: This is the first study focusing on very old adults that has shown an independent association between gait speed and depressive disorders. Responders to antidepressant medication had a higher mean gait speed than non-responders, which may imply shifts in function upon successful treatment.

Rekryteringen av barn och unga från 12 års ålder till kriminella nätverk har ökat, vilket visar att brottsligheten har blivit grövre. Studiens syfte är att undersöka de riskfaktorer som gör att unga individer dras till gängkriminalitet samt de förebyggande insatser som riktas mot denna målgrupp. För att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna genomförs en kvalitativ litteraturstudie baserad på tidigare internationell forskning. Resultatet visar att ungdomar påverkas av flera faktorer. De viktiga riskfaktorer som framkommer i studien är diagnoser och mental hälsa, kamratpåverkan, familjeförhållanden, skolmiljö och utsatta områden. Förebyggande insatser mot ungdomskriminalitet fokuserar på att stärka prosociala beteenden och minska riskfaktorer. Insatser för individer betonar mentorskap, social färdighetsträning och kulturellt anpassade program. Familjeinsatser som föräldrastöd, familjeterapi stärker familjeband och ungdomars motståndskraft. Skolsamarbeten och olika insatser främjar engagemang och motverkar gängmedlemskap genom både universella och individuella interventioner. Slutsatsen av studien är att det finns ett samband mellan riskfaktorer och ungas gängkriminalitet, där familjeaspekten framstår som den främsta orsaken till att unga dras till kriminella nätverk. Därför bör insatser som riktas till barn och unga i riskzonen fokusera på att stärka familjen och deras relationer. Avslutningsvis konstateras att vidare forskning behövs inom socialt arbete i en svensk kontext, med hänsyn till den rådande utvecklingen av gängkriminalitet, samt med mer fokus på främjande insatser för aktiva gängmedlemmar som vill lämna kriminalitet.

In the Earth's magnetosphere wave-particle interaction is a major ion energization process, playing an important role for the atmospheric escape. A common type of ion heating is associated with low-frequency broadband electric wave fields. For such waves the energy is not concentrated to a certain narrow frequency range and exhibits no peaks or dips in a power spectrum. If there are enough fluctuations close to the ion gyrofrequency the electric field may still come in resonance with gyrating ions and heat them perpendicular to the background magnetic field. We perform a proof-of-concept study to investigate if this heating mechanism may contibute significantly to the energization of planetary ions also in the induced magnetosphere of Venus. We assume Alfvénic fluctuations and estimate the electric field spectral density based on magnetic field observations. We find typical estimated electric spectral densities of a few (Formula presented.) /Hz close to Venus. This corresponds to a heating rate of a few eV/s. We consider an available interaction time of (Formula presented.) 300 s and conclude that this mechanism could increase the energy of an oxygen ion by about a keV. Observed thermal energies are in the range 100–1,000 eV and thus, resonant wave heating may also be important at Venus.

Unsustainable globalisation of economic activities, lifestyles and social structures has contributed to environmental degradation, posing major threats to human health at the local and global levels. All these problems including climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss represent challenges that are unlikely to be met with existing approaches, capabilities and tools. This article acknowledges the need for well-prepared practitioners from many walks of life to contribute to environmental public health (EPH) functions thus strengthening society’s capacity and capability to respond effectively and in a timely manner to such complex situations and multiple challenges. It envisions a new EPH practice addressing questions on: Why do this? What needs to be addressed? Who will do it? How can it be implemented? This article focuses on the main challenging EPH issues worldwide and how they could be addressed using a conceptual framework for training. A companion article shows how they have been tackled in practice, providing ideas and experiences.

Sustainability issues are associated with numerous tensions. These tensions are sometimes being referred to as wicked or even paradoxical. As long as tensions stay latent for organizational members, they will not be perceived and, thus, will not be adequately managed. The question of how tensions become salient is therefore of particular interest. Prior research suggests that contextual and cognitive factors render latent tensions salient and argues that advanced cognition is required to recognize sustainability tensions. In this paper, we show that developing cognition is only one possible strategy. We argue that information links a situation with actors' cognition and is therefore vital for rendering latent sustainability tensions salient. We show that simplifying information and making information more complex are two additional ways to recognize sustainability tensions. The situation–information–cognition (SIC) rule we develop in this article shows when and under which conditions the three strategies apply interchangeably or in combination.

Research points to public-private collaboration’s importance for supporting the transformation from linear to circular business models. As little is known of such collaboration, we conducted a 4-year in-depth case study to answer how transformation is affected by two types of tensions: between linear and circular elements and between public and private partners. We find that tensions shape the transformational process into a dialectical pattern, as partners’ institutional differences initially cause them to conflict over whether to focus on linear or circular elements but, over time, arrive at a synthesis. Our findings contribute to circular business model research by illustrating the usefulness of understanding transformational challenges as linear-circular tensions and by illuminating the dialectics of transformational processes.

Technological advancements, particularly in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), arenowadays transforming industries globally. Generative AI, by leveraging automated andadaptive solutions, offers significant potential for minimizing human intervention invarious tasks. This capability introduces transformative applications in Marketing,where the integration of AI allows for enhanced productivity and strategic insights.

Generative AI can help in absorbing and performing tasks involving data and cantherefore have an impact over numerous Marketing activities: macro and microenvironmental analyses; segmenting, targeting and positioning; planning direction andobjectives; developing product features; setting product prices; improving logistics;determining influence strategies; as well as planning metrics and implementationcontrol. Generative AI can thus provide additional valuable insights about theconsumers’ preferences or needs but also automate and engage throughcustomer-relationship management tasks. So generative AI can be implemented in everypart of the Marketing function, from the product prototyping phase to after-salesservices. Consequently, it enables Marketing employees to shorten time-consumingtasks in favor of greater productivity.

Despite highlighting all the benefits of using generative AI in gaining efficiency andefficacy in Marketing, one must not forget, as literature shows it, about the criticalnuanced roles that human Marketing employees play, particularly in tasks requiringsensitivity, creativity, wisdom, judgment and contextual understanding. Indeed, Marketing does not only rely on data, but also includes activities that require humanunique inputs and skills. Generative AIs remain hardware tools transforming data intoinformation. But this information needs to be evaluated through human factors such asintuition, expertise, past experiences and soft skills of the Marketing professionals tobecome exploitable knowledge and drive towards successful Marketing strategies. As amatter of fact, the insights provided by humans are critical factors that cannot begenerated by AI, at least today.

The key to successful Marketing strategies in the future is thus to effectively combinehuman insights with generative AI tools. However, such a powerful combinationrequires a high level of collaboration between the two entities, which is not yet the casedue to numerous issues among which reliability, interpretability, and trust. Thisenhanced collaboration, called hybrid intelligence, is thus what the Marketing functioncould aim for, but it is not there yet.

That is why through this thesis, we aimed at illustrating how the key to successfulMarketing applications and strategies is to find the adequate combination betweenautomated data processing and human subjectivity, and to lead a reflection on how to doso through an enhanced collaboration between generative AIs and humans working inthe Marketing function. To get there, we also searched and explored how a key elementsuch as trust, is an influencing factor for the relationship between the two entities.

Sammanfattning

Syfte – Arbete på andra sätt än på det traditionella viset har blivit mer vanligt, speciellt efter covid-19 pandemins framfart. En relativt ny arbetsform som kommit fram är arbetshubbar, men denna form är relativt outforskad när det kommer till att förstå drivkrafterna till beslutet att etablera och använda sig av dessa inom offentliga organisationer, speciellt med hänsyn till de tre hållbarhetsperspektiven. Detta är något som undersöks i denna studie, och dessutom studeras utmaningarna relaterat till detta samt hur intressenter kan påverka beslutsfattningen.

Metodologiska utgångspunkter - Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ forskning där semi-strukturerade intervjuer gjorts utifrån en förankring av teori inom det valda ämnet. Utöver det har även offentliga dokument granskats för att få en större förståelse av empirin. Slutligen har en tematisk analys gjorts av det insamlade materialet.

Slutsatser – Med förankring i teorin och insikter från respondenter och offentliga dokument har studien visat på att utifrån intressenters påverkan har drivkrafter relaterat till den sociala aspekten av hållbarhetsperspektiven varit framträdande i besluten om att etablera och använda sig av arbetshubbar. Ett antal utmaningar, som exempelvis förändringen till ett oprövat arbetssätt och ledarskap- och ansvarsfrågor relaterat till beslutet har också kunnat konstaterats.

Begränsningar - Studiens begränsningar handlade framförallt om att fenomenet (arbetshubbar) är relativt nytt och outforskat, speciellt inom den offentliga sektorn. Detta gjorde att populationen och valbara respondenter var begränsat.

Praktiskt och teoretiskt bidrag – Det praktiska bidraget är en djupare insikt för organisationer inom offentlig sektor om vad som ligger bakom besluten. Detta kan hjälpa andra offentliga organisationer att fatta liknande beslut då beslutsförfarandet inom dessa typer av organisationer ofta är mer komplicerade än i den privata sektorn. Det teoretiska bidraget från studien handlar om en större förståelse av vilka drivkrafter som påverkar beslutet till att etablera eller använda sig av arbetshubbar. Dessutom att arbetshubbarna, likt co-workingmiljöer, kan förbättra verksamheten och samtidigt uppnå samhällsnytta.

The rapid and unprecedented growth in artificial intelligence, particularly in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), have deeply influenced various facets of our daily lives, including the ways we perform tasks and share knowledge within the workplace. While there has been substantial research on the productivity boosts these AI tools provide and the ethical issues surrounding their use, the specific impact of generative AI on knowledge transfer between employees remains underexplored. Knowledge transfer is a critical aspect of organizational success, encompassing the sharing of expertise, and information. This research addresses the gap in the literature by examining how the increasing reliance on generative AI tools is reshaping traditional modes of knowledge exchange.By conducting semi-structured interviews with employees who frequently utilize generative AI at work, this study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the changes in knowledge transfer processes. Key areas of focus include how AI tools are augmenting or replacing human-to-human knowledge sharing, the potential for overreliance on AI-generated information, and the implications this has for organizational learning and collaboration.This study uses a qualitative method and finds two sets of mechanisms through which reliance on GenAI influences knowledge transfer: Support mechanisms and Limiting mechanisms. Support mechanisms include increased productivity and convenience, which enhance knowledge transfer by shifting the source of knowledge and facilitating externalization. On the other hand, limiting mechanisms highlight reduced collaboration and socialization, driven by the conveniences of GenAI over co-worker interactions. The findings suggest that while GenAI can benefit knowledge transfer, over-reliance may hinder critical thinking, creativity, and the quality of knowledge shared. This study contributes to the understanding of GenAI's dual role in knowledge transfer processes.

During the past decades there has been an increase in mental ill-health problems among children. Social-emotional learning (SEL) has shown promise to promote well-being by supporting children in developing abilities to cope with everyday difficulties. Structured SEL programs can be part of the school curriculum from early age. However, teachers' positive perceptions of the values of such programs are essential for program success. The aim of this evidence synthesis was to describe and understand teachers' experiences of providing SEL programs to students and their perceived effect on students' mental well-being. We followed the ENTREQ and PRISMA guidelines. Systematic searches were conducted and we included seven studies with a moderate level of methodological limitations. We conducted a thematic meta-synthesis, and confidence in the evidence was assessed with GRADE-CERQual. Teachers perceived that students developed a higher level of coping with their feelings and created improved relationships as a result of the SEL programs. As they received new tools to support students' well-being, teachers were positive to the programs. They noted, however, that the programs needed adaptation to the local context. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-synthesis on the experiences among teachers on the impact of SEL programs on students' well-being. Notably, the results suggest that SEL programs could help teachers to attend to students' mental health. After conducting extensive searches for data, only studies from high-income countries were found. Therefore, further studies are needed within low-income countries in regard to SEL programs and experiences among teachers on students' mental wellbeing. It would also be beneficial to synthesize research on the students and their experiences on how SEL programs impact their mental well-being.

 Hedersrelaterat våld och förtyck ett omfattande hälsoproblem som kan drabba individer oavsett klass, sexuell läggning, etnicitet eller kultur. Vissa uppskattningar indikerar att mellan en tredjedel och hälften av de kvinnor som dödas globalt har mördats av en nuvarande eller tidigare partner. Våldet mot kvinnor blir mycket tydligt då våldet och förtrycket bygger på strikta patriarkala värderingar och strukturer i samhällen. Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är ett kollektivt utövat våld som främst drabbar unga flickor. Socialarbetare möter många utmaningar i arbetet med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur socialsekreterare arbetar kring hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck problematiken. Med fokuset på socialarbetarens egna erfarenheter kring svårigheter inom denna problematik. Resultatet visade att utbildning, handlingsutrymme, ledning/styrning, insatser och samverkan, strukturella utmaningar och brister i bemötande och stöd var avgörande faktorer i socialarbetarens arbete med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Slutsatserna lyder som följande att ämnet hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är komplext, och socialsekreterare brister ofta i kunskap vilket försvårar identifiering och insatser. Studien visar att kunskap och kompetens hos socialsekreterare är avgörande, liksom deras motivation att utvecklas. Samverkan mellan olika aktörer är central för att agera effektivt utifrån de utsattas behov. Förutsättningarna varierar beroende på kommun och ledarskap, och lagstiftningen är inte fullt anpassad till problematikens natur.

Denna kvalitativa litteraturstudie ger en analys av den svenska modellen, dess implementering i Sverige och den följaktiga effekten den kan ha haft på prostitution, vilket inkluderar de ekonomiska och sociala konsekvenserna modellen kan ha haft på kvinnor inom prostitution. Modellens etiska implikationer och samhälleliga konsekvenser utvärderas med hjälp av feministiska ramar och socialkonstruktivism. Studien syftar till att undersöka prostitution genom historien och göra en jämförelse av förekomsten av prostitution innan och efter den svenska modellen implementerades. Studien använder och presenterar sina resultat med en kvalitativ tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet visade att förekomsten av stigman kunde uppkomma i den sociala processen och speglas av kulturella och historiska kunskapsmöjligheter, att insatser i olika former kunde förekomma och kan komma att utvecklas, samt att konsekvenserna av kriminaliseringen av sexköp kunde vara svårtydda då det fanns ett flertal feministiska synpunkter som argumenterade för olika resultat. Någon enstaka studie beskrev att den svenska modellens konsekvenser för sexarbetares ekonomiska situation kunde handla om en förvärrad ekonomi till följe av minskad efterfrågan.Slutsatserna visade att det kunde uppfattas en minskning av prostitution efter modellens implementering och att socialtjänstens insatser kunde inkludera bland annat samtal och stöd men insatsernas effektivitet kunde komma att kritiseras av forskare som inte ansåg dem inriktade nog. Fåtal källor om den svenska modellens sociala konsekvenser bland sexarbetare, visade på att prostituerade kvinnor kunde känna ökad stigmatisering eftermodellens införande, samt minskad efterfrågan och därmed minskad inkomst.

During magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), measurements of arterial blood pressure can provide valuable information about the status of the patient under investigation. However, due to the strong magnetic fields used in MRI, normal non-invasive blood pressure equipment cannot be used during these examinations. This study aims to evaluate the function and calibration of a non-invasive sphygmomanometer, the CareTaker4. The CareTaker4 estimates blood pressure by measuring the pressure in the finger using a finger cuff and an air tube that propagates the pressure to the device. The device can then be placed outside the MRI examination room, outside the influence of magnetic fields. By understanding how the system works and what factors affect its reliability, we can optimize the use of CareTaker4 to reliably monitor the patient's blood pressure during magnetic resonance imaging. This project aimed to develop a measurement setup and code for analyzing the data signals given by the CareTaker4 system, to understand and evaluate the functionality of this non-invasive pressure system. 

To do this, an experiment was carried out with a test group consisting of 5 participants. The blood pressure was measured with the CareTaker4 for 15 minutes, while the raw pressure signal in the tubing was measured with an external pressure sensor. Signals generated from the CareTaker4 were documented while the pressure sensor data was recorded with a measuring station. Data analysis and interpretation were then executed in MatLab. The relationship between the measured pressure signal and the signals generated by the CareTaker4 system was then examined. As a second test, the actual blood pressure estimations provided by the CareTaker4 system were also compared to a reference value taken with a regular blood pressure monitor before and just after the experiment. 

Our results showed that the experimental setup allowed for measurement of the pressure in the tubing connecting the CareTaker4 to the patient and that these measured signals corresponded fairly well with the raw signals exported by the CareTaker4, although more work is needed to fully match the two data sets (e.g., choosing the correct filtering etc). The measured blood pressures were in agreement between the CareTaker4 and the reference (arm cuff). The methods we used and the code that was developed could thus successfully generate a close-up view of how the pulse pressure changes over time during measurements and could be expanded to further understand and subsequently validate the CareTaker4 system under different measurement situations.

Studien handlar om integration och faktorer som påverkar integrationsprocessen. Studien gjordes med hjälp av en kvalitativ undersökning. Undersökningen innefattar fyra respondenter som kommit till Sverige som tonåringar och idag är vuxna. Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar integrationsprocessen för unga vuxna flyktingar. Fokuset ligger främst på integrationsprocessen utifrån respondentens upplevelse. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter är konstruktionism och Maslow’s behovstrappa.

Våra huvudsakliga resultat visar att integrationsprocessen upplevs olika bland respondenterna. Därav har olika aspekter lyfts som viktiga då upplevelserna varit högst individuella. Dock har vissa aspekter lyfts som viktiga av en majoritet så som språk, arbete och sociala relationers betydelse för en lyckad integration.

Slutsatsen man kan ta från denna studie är att upplevelsen av vad som påverkar integrationsprocessen är högst individuell. Men att individens bakgrund spelar stor roll. Alla respondenter hade gemensamt att sociala relationer var av stor vikt. Men även språket var av vikt av flera aspekter. Detta för att känna sig trygg, kunna etablera sociala kontakter, hitta jobb och vara självförsörjande. Samtliga respondenter lyfte även en nödvändighet i att anpassa sig kulturellt i sociala sammanhang.

Traditionally, women have been marginalized for their role in criminal behavior. This gender gap is specifically seen in the context of Albania. While historically perceived as committing fewer crimes than men, recent attention to female criminality and shifts in crime statistics underscore the need for deeper examination. This study focuses on female criminality in Albania from 2009 to 2020, analyzing differences in male and female perpetrators, convicts, defendants, and detainees. Utilizing quantitative methods and data from INSTAT (the Institute of Statistics of the Republic of Albania), we investigate changing crime trends and contextualize findings through secondary sources. The analysis identifies gender differences in crime volume, explores specific offenses committed by women, and highlights significant motivators for female criminal behavior over time. Emphasizing theories of opportunity and marginalization, the study reveals an increase in female perpetrators and convicts, with shorter and less severe sentences compared to males, indicating differences in crime severity and judicial treatment between genders. These findings contribute to a more thorough knowledge of gender dynamics in Albania's criminal justice system and inform policy development and enhancement regarding criminality in Albania.

This thesis aims to investigate the decision-making process of duty officers within the Swedish Police Authority in relation to the search for missing persons. Each year, thousands of disappearances are reported in Sweden, creating a pressured situation for the police where quick and accurate decisions are crucial for saving lives. Through qualitative interviews with duty officers, the study identifies the factors and risk indicators that influence the assessment of whether a person should be classified as missing or disappeared. The thesis also highlights the challenges faced by duty officers, such as time constraints and the need for reliable methodological support to make effective risk assessments. The results show that a combination of experience, access to current tools, and a clear decision-making process is essential for managing these complex situations. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the police's work with missing persons and provides insights that can improve future decision-making in the field.

This thesis explores sentences during the Swedish witch trials between the years of 1668 and 1676, and how these varied in different areas as well as whether they were affected by the sex and age of the person accused of witchcraft. The source material is law books and court documents from the time, from the county of Dalarna, the village of Sveg, and the part of northern Sweden which is named as the traditional homeland of the Sami. Through quantitative analysis which some qualitative elements, it has confirmed earlier research’s claims that most of the accused were women (75% in Dalarna and 74% in Sveg), apart from the small amount of data available from the northern counties (where 3 out of 4 were men). Sentences did vary depending on the sex of the accused, with men being more likely to walk free, and children and teens being more likely to suffer corporal punishment rather than execution. Women often were given the death penalty, which was the lawful punishment for ”proven” harmful witchery, though the manner of execution differed from the burning the law books determined for women, and breaking on the wheel determined for men, as this had been declared inhumane by this time. The manner of execution – beheading and then burning of the corpse – was the same for both men and women.

Thus, this essay concludes that women were more likely to be accused of witchcraft, as well as more likely to be sentenced, but men and women were punished in the same way. The younger one was, however, or if one had been sentenced for non-harmful witchery, the likelier one was to receive non-fatal punishments such as whippings.

Increasingly connected vehicles offer drivers benefits related to safety, navigation, and maintenance. They also provide policymakers new opportunities to trace and modify behavior using data insights. For such efforts to be effective, policymakers need access to policy instruments. These instruments must also be adopted by regulated entities such as technology providers, vehicle manufacturers, and drivers. Reuse and scaling across jurisdictional boundaries are crucial for the efficient development, adoption, and use of these digital tools. However, establishing digital tools that scale across diverse contexts requires navigating trade-offs between generalization to meet global demands and specialization to provide desired functionality. Using digital trace data and interviews, we conducted a longitudinal study of the development of the Mobility Data Specification standard for, freefloating e-scooters, over three years. We identified four key instrument tensions related to privacy, scope, richness, and the pace of evolution. We detail the nature of these tensions, analyze how they were mitigated, and suggest implications for the development of digital regulatory tools that span jurisdictional boundaries.

From the perspective of intersectional feminism and postcolonialism, this thesis examines gendered violence among Sahelian migrant women and reviews the historical and structural factors underpinning gendered violence. Using qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews, it develops an understanding of the dynamics and challenges faced by these women, considering how race, identity, class and ethnicity intersect to perpetuate violence. The study looks at the complexity of gender-based violence, analysing its interaction with wider socio-political dynamics. By highlighting these intersections, the research aims to inform more inclusive approaches to addressing gender-based violence and promoting the rights of Sahelian migrant women.

Mobile applications against gender-based violence are a global and growing phenomenon, with hundreds of apps available in the international market. In this article, we analyze how apps and digital technologies are discursively construed as measures against (gender-based) intimate partner violence in marketing and media coverage of three Swedish businesses and their digital tools aiming to combat and prevent violence. Focusing on sociotechnical imaginaries about the potential of technology, we analyze how the intersection between digital technology, innovation culture, and feminism affects the understanding of violence as a social problem and what type of solutions that become desirable. We do so by first scrutinizing how the selected apps’ technical functions are represented. These representations emphasize, first, a need for more, objective, and data-driven information about the nature and extent of violence, among both help-seekers and supporting institutions, and, second, the apps’ potential as tools for help-seeking and self-care, partly akin to mental health apps. While we share the conviction that digital communication can be a useful tool for help-seeking, we argue that the representations of these technical functions as solving the problem with gendered violence (a claim accentuated by the competition driven innovation context), produce a simplified and post-ideological understanding of the persistence of violence, as rooted in a lack of individual and professional insights and risk-assessments. Simultaneously, the risks of bias and increased surveillance associated with user data analyses, often perpetuating structural inequalities, are left unmentioned, something we conclusively argue is highly important for future studies and uses of technology against gendered violence.

Purpose: Proton radiation therapy may achieve precise dose delivery to the tumor while sparing non-cancerous surrounding tissue, owing to the distinct Bragg peaks of protons. Aligning the high-dose region with the tumor requires accurate estimates of the proton stopping power ratio (SPR) of patient tissues, commonly derived from computed tomography (CT) image data. Photon-counting detectors for CT have demonstrated advantages over their energy-integrating counterparts, such as improved quantitative imaging, higher spatial resolution, and filtering of electronic noise. We assessed the potential of photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) for improving SPR estimation by training a deep neural network on a domain transform from PCCT images to SPR maps.

Approach: The XCAT phantom was used to simulate PCCT images of the head with CatSim, as well as to compute corresponding ground truth SPR maps. The tube current was set to 260 mA, tube voltage to 120 kV, and number of view angles to 4000. The CT images and SPR maps were used as input and labels for training a U-Net.

Results: Prediction of SPR with the network yielded average root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.26% to 0.41%, which was an improvement on the RMSE for methods based on physical modeling developed for single-energy CT at 0.40% to 1.30% and dual-energy CT at 0.41% to 3.00%, performed on the simulated PCCT data.

Conclusions: These early results show promise for using a combination of PCCT and deep learning for estimating SPR, which in extension demonstrates potential for reducing the beam range uncertainty in proton therapy.

Accelerating digitalization actualizes the importance of secondary science education in developing students’ digital abilities, such as retrieving and appraising scientific information online. However, there is little research and policy guidance on the purposes and challenges of teaching digital abilities in science classrooms. This article reports on a mixed-methods study that explored how upper secondary school students in Sweden reasoned about their digital abilities when searching for scientific information online. The results reveal three key themes: the role of scientific terminology in improving search accuracy, as students noted how precise terms yielded more credible results; the need for deliberate search strategies, including using questions or keywords depending on the context; and, the impact of selective exposure, as students became aware of how personalized results could reinforce existing beliefs and limit perspective diversity. Based on these insights, we introduce the concept of ‘digital versatility’ and outline a model, Digital Versatility in Online Searching (DVOS), that integrates essential digital abilities (source literacy, information abilities, and search abilities) with scientific subject knowledge. The DVOS model provides guidance for teachers in instructional planning and offers a basis for future research on digital abilities in science education.

I Sverige finns läkemedelsassisterad behandling för personer med opioidberoende (LARO).Det är en medicinsk behandling som ska utföras tillsammans med psykosociala insatser och vara individuellt anpassad. Tidigare forskning som studien utgår från belyser både den medicinska behandlingen, de psykosociala insatserna och dess komplexitet. Studiens syfte äratt undersöka om patienter inom LARO får tillgång till psykosociala insatser likväl som den medicinska behandlingen samt vilka konsekvenser som kan uppstå om psykosociala insatser uteblir. Data har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer av fem yrkesverksamma på olika LARO-mottagningar i Sverige. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet av studien visar att den medicinska behandlingen har ett företräde framför psykosociala insatser. Konsekvenser som uppstår om psykosociala insatser uteblir är sämre resultat i behandlingen och lägre kvalitet i sin hälsa och livsstil för patienten. De mottagningar som finns i landet har olika förutsättningar och medel för att på egen hand kunna erbjuda olika psykosociala insatser. Samverkan med andra aktörer blir därför aktuellt ihög grad. Studiens viktigaste slutsatser är 1. att en etablerad relation mellan patient och professionell är grundläggande för att kunna inleda psykosociala insatser. Utan en etablerad relation känner inte patienten tillit till de insatser som erbjuds, vilka kan vara avgörande för utfallet av behandlingen. 2. LARO-personal är de med närmast kontakt till patienterna och de som ser helhetsbilden. De blir därmed naturligt spindeln i nätet till andra aktörer. 3. det är inte sällan LARO-personal får överbrygga stigmatisering och fördomar som uppstår i mötet mellan patient och andra professioner.

Förskolelärare arbetar med barn inom skola och har därmed en anmälningsskyldighet i enlighet med 14 kap. 1 § socialtjänstlagen (SFS 2001:453). Barn spenderar stora delar av sin tid i förskolan, det blir i och med detta en viktig roll som förskolelärare att upptäcka de barn som far illa. Trots detta visas en stor underrapportering från förskolan. Tidigare forskning visar på bristande kunskap inom området vilket vidare kan ses som en anledning till den underrapportering som finns. Bristande kunskap hos förskolelärare samt organisatoriska faktorer skulle kunna ses som bidragande orsaker till underrapporteringen. Syftet med studien är att studera förskolelärares syn på att göra orosanmälningar samt analysera hinder och möjligheter ur ett organisatorisk samt ett juridiskt perspektiv. En kvalitativ metod tillämpades med fyra strukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma förskolelärare. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analys och hade sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i Michael Lipskys teori gällande street-level bureacrats.  

Studiens resultat presenteras i tre övergripande teman: känslan av att göra en orosanmälan, kunskap om orosanmälningar och samverkan inom organisationen. Slutsatsen av studien visar att relationen till vårdnadshavare anses som viktig och kan därmed ses som ett hinder i förskolelärares anmälningsplikt. Vidare framkommer att förskolelärare har en bristande kunskap kring vad som ska anmälas samt gällande den juridiska processen även fast de är medvetna om sin anmälningsplikt. Tydliga rutiner, kollegialt stöd och samverkan med socialtjänsten har stor betydelse för att möjliggöra processen i att upprätta en anmälan.

This paper aims to explain why help for people with similar needs differ. What effects the social workers when they asses a person needs of everyday help from the community. In Sweden there are two similar laws that includes elderly and impaired persons. The paper will look into these laws which both aim to help persons with their everyday living. To explain why persons with the same needs get accessed differently the paper aims to answer the following questions: how do social workers that work in SoL assess a person’s needs? How do social workers that work in LSS assess a person’s needs?

To answer the questions above, this paper uses the abductive method which is a combination between the inductive method and the deductive method. First relevant litterateur in the field were researched and analysed. Then four qualitative semi structured interviews with social workers were made to answer the research questions. The result was analysed with grounded theory which means the text was broken down and placed into categories of interested which is presented in the results part of the paper. To explain the result domain theory was used and the findings show that interactions between the different social fields have a high impact in how the needs assessment process works. Social workers are affected by norms in their own social field, which groups in the community politicians prioritise, how the community interpreter the social laws, what economic resources the community have, what possibility’s the community have to execute the needs that are determined and in which law the state determents that the person falls within. You can say that the discretion of the social welfare officers is limited by the constant need to relate to the other domains which all protect their own interests. Every social welfare officer walks a narrow line between the persons needs and the limitations crated by the state, the community and the laws.

Nyckelord: Biståndsbedömning, beslutsprocess, domänteori.

Den här studien syftar till att undersöka faktorer som är betydande för bemötandet av hbtqi-personer i Socialtjänsten. Detta görs genom att undersöka vilken utbildning som ges i hbtqi-frågor, vilka individuella intressen och erfarenheter som socialsekreterare har av hbtqi-frågor, samt hur verksamheten och samhället påverkar möjligheten till utbildning och bemötandet i sin helhet. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna har vi använt oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem socialarbetare. Den insamlade data analyseras utifrån tematiskt analysmetod. En central teori för den här studien är handlingsutrymme. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns ett behov inom Socialtjänsten av en ökad kompetens kring hbtqi-personers levnadsvillkor. Vidare visar resultaten att en bidragande faktor till att implementeringen av kunskap inte kommit längre är att det finns en avsaknad av forskning kring hbtqi-frågor samt att det krävs mer forskning. Det finns en vilja bland socialsekreterare att göra gott och göra nytta, men det blir svårt att göra rätt om kunskaperna kring hbtqi-frågor är begränsade. 

Can it be rational to favour the status quo when the alternatives to the status quo promise considerable increases in overall value? For instance, can it be rational to favour the status quo over radical human enhancement? A reasonable response to these questions would be to say that it can only be rational if the status quo is indeed the better choice on some measure. In this paper, I argue that it can be rational to favour the status quo over a radical improvement such as human germline genetic enhancement. First, I distinguish between three different meanings of the “status quo.” Then, I argue that the status quo enjoys modal and epistemic advantages that sometimes translate into other advantages. I propose eight parameters for comparison between the status quo and radical options. These parameters weigh in favour of the status quo but can be outweighed by the benefits of change. Each of these parameters needs to be assessed from case to case. I defend what I refer to as an Open Status Quo position over a Fixed Status Quo position. The former is decision-specific and does not entail a commitment to remaining with the status quo in later decisions. Lastly, I address the objection that an Open Status Quo position risk slipping into a Fixed Status Quo position that would, in turn, block radical progress, change, and discovery.

Background: Inadequate energy intake among athletes can lead to low energy availability (LEA) which in turn can result in negative effects on athletic performance and physical and psychological health. This syndrome is known as relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs).

Objective: To map perceived changes in overall food intake among adolescent athletes during the previous year, as well as weekly changes during a 3-month period and to examine how these changes are associated with mental health, physical load and sex.

Methods: A total of 168 high school athletes from eight different sports participated. A baseline questionnaire examined changes in training habits and food intake in the past year, mental health (short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS)), injury history and previous periods of poor psychological health. Weekly digital questionnaires for 3 months tracked weekly physical and mental load and changes in food intake. Comparative and correlation analyses were performed with p<0.05 considered significant.

Results: A decreased food intake during the previous year was reported more often among athletes experiencing periods of poor mental health than those without such periods (10% vs 2%; p=0.034). Athletes who decreased their food intake reported lower mental well-being than athletes who increased their food intake (mean difference in SWEMWBS=4.69±1.57; p=0.021). Over a 3-month period, most athletes did not change their food intake, yet fluctuations in physical load were reported.

Conclusion: This study showed that athletes experiencing lower mental health or period(s) of poor mental health reported decreased food intake more often than those with better mental health or those without period(s) of poor mental health. In addition, the mismatch found between perceived weekly changes in overall food intake and changes in physical load during the same time period could potentially result in an increased risk for LEA.

Categorization plays a crucial role in organizing experiences, allowing us to make sense of the world. This process is reflected in the labels speakers use for geographical areas. This study investigates the categorization of geographical areas reflected in phrases including nouns for the three Swedish regions of Norrland, Svealand, or Götaland, and the conjunction och (‘and’). Using data from the Swedish Korp corpus (Borin et al. 2012), we examine how these regions and areas within them are represented in governmental, news, and social media texts. Results show that Svealand and Götaland are more commonly used with nouns for regions than Norrland. Norrland is used with phrases for more specific locations within the other regions (e.g. their towns and provinces) but also considerably larger areas (e.g. countries and continents) more commonly than the other regions, revealing asymmetry in how geographical areas in Sweden are categorized.

This research note contains an update of the research program “A promised land? Drivers, challenges and opportunities related to the (green) industrialization of Northern Sweden,” (nr. M22-0029) awarded by the Swedish Riksbankens Jubileumsfond’s in 2022. The document summarizes work in progress and is updated annually in different versions according to the requirements of the program. 

This interdisciplinary program aims to understand the economic, social, and political challenges and opportunities of the ongoing industrial transformation in northern Sweden. A key element of the program is to identify drivers, obstacles, and preconditions in a historical, present, and forward-looking process-perspective. 

In order to achieve sustainable development circular approaches to design are a required fundamental paradigm shift. When designing for circularity, reduction and longevity are two strategies within circular design with a potential in enabling reduction in CO2 footprint that have not been widely explored yet. In researching the potential of increasing product lifespan a clear distinction between durability and longevity has been established, each with different focal points and relevant contributions. While durability is concerned with increasing the technical and mechanical lifespan of objects, longevity deals with the intangible, psychological and social problems tied to an object’s path to obsolescence. In this thesis the focus was laid on exploring the issue of longevity through an emotional experience that can counteract the tendencies of an object losing symbolic value, becoming emotionally obsolete and thereby discarded. The inquiry into symbolic value of a product has been done through the lens of a formal aesthetic exploration parallel to remaining emotionally relevant. Therefore, providing an experience of awe through motion that aims to transcend transient trends and remain relevant in dependent of technological development was set as a goal. This was achieved by referencing experiences of nature that have been found to induce an awe response. The result is a circular design approach to a personal vehicle for short distance travel fortwo passengers that follows the set strategies and requirements with a potential to prolong the vehicles lifespan.

In my project, “Nomadic Pathways: Exploring infrastructure independent mobility,” I delve into the concept of mobility and its relationship with the environment. This journey began with my passion fortraveling and experiencing diverse cultures, where I witnessed firsthand the challenges people face in accessing essential services due to inadequate infrastructure in regions like India. Despite economic growth leading to infrastructure expansion, it often comes at the cost of ecosystem loss and community disruption. Recognizing these challenges, I decided to investigate the traditional link between mobility and infrastructure. By leveraging Volvo AB’s extensive portfolio and expertise, we aim to explore innovative solutions where different brands work together, pooling their resources to create vehicles that support each other in overcoming mobility obstacles. This approach opens up possibilities for interdisciplinary cooperation and creative problem-solving. The brand collaboration also got the problems with logistics more in focus. Through this project I intend to inspire new contexts to “autonomy”, autonomy from infrastructure, autonomy from disparities and autonomy from environment degradation. The project has the potential to touch millions of people in the growing world. backbone of the Indian economy, emphasizing small-scale production, craftsmanship, and tradition preservation. To address the logistics needs of the producers, makers, and distributors within this industry. The project intends to develop a flexible and decentralized transportation system that ensures easy mobility without disrupting nature, enhances resilience against natural disasters, integrates efficient energy management systems and is independent of infrastructure. achieving the desired look, the final design felt heavy and cumbersome, prompting further iterations to reduce redundancies, improve the footprint, and standardization. Despite challenges with the energy vehicle’s balance and structure, iterative architectural adjustments and minor curve refinements ultimately captured the desired concept. Throughout history, our need to move has led to the construction of roads and terminals, often causing environmental degradation and social stress. As our industry evolves with electrification and autonomous technology, it will need further expansion of infrastructure. However, this presents an opportunity to rethink our approach to mobility. Drawing on insights from my upbringing and education at UID, I sought to explore the possibility of decoupling mobility from traditional infrastructure, aiming to preserve the balance between vehicles and the environment. My collaboration partner in this project is Volvo AB. Their vast portfolio of brands, including basically everything except cars provoked a thought, if different brands could work together, to create vehicles that support each other to overcome this question. The project is based in 2045, a future based on current trends, where advanced technology enables efficient harvesting and storage of green energy, while fostering a deep respect for nature in both personal lives and policymaking. Improved connectivity globally has made the world even smaller. In 2045 Volvo has transformed from a traditional OEM to a service provider, automating its entire fleet and prioritizing energy management as a business. The region in focus is the growing world, particularly India, a region close to my heart, experiencing rapid economic growth with a young, proud population. Despite its economic boom, India is grappling with underprepared infrastructure, making it difficult for businesses to grow. Within this context, we’re honing in on the cottage industry sector, which forms the During the conceptualization phase, focus was on a few aspects of this problem: decentralized and flexible hub operations, transporting and harvesting energy, positive connection to the regional communities and multi terrain capability. In my process, I began by imagining various mobility ecosystems and vehicle relationships, then selecting concepts like an energy vehicle, smart trailer, and self-reliant hub facilities for further development. Despite initial sketches not embodying the concept’s future technologies or brand identity, I iterated through ideation loops exploring modularity, minimalism, and bio-mimicry. I honed in on a design theme reflecting Volvo’s sleek and rugged identity, ultimately settling on a hidden android smart robot concept beneath clean Scandinavian surfaces. Harmonizing design languages across vehicles, refining individual elements, and consulting engineers for technical guidance were crucial steps. Despite For the final concept, I envisioned a ecosystem of vehicles, helping out each other to overcome the challenges of infrastructure. The Jordrath (the earth chariot) is a smart multi-terrain vehicle, capable of becoming a logistics hub in itself, a modular container system connects it to the people. The Solrath (the sun chariot) is a hybrid E-VTOL for transporting and harvesting energy, capable of becoming a charging and logistic space for the smart-trailers. This project seeks to inspire future transportation design strategies by looking beyond just the vehicle. Its goal is to advocate for vehicles with minimal operational footprint and the ability to reach every community worldwide. It envisions vehicles that aren’t reliant on regional industrialization yet still offer mobility options. Moving transportation design from human centric to society and environment centric. A more than human Philosophy.

In the vast and complex topic of food transportation, the author hopes to find new markets forfood transportation in the future. Based on the current status of fresh food transportation inChina, disconnection at all levels is masked by extremely convenient access methods. While weare busy at work every day, we look forward to the on-time delivery that we take for grantedafter swiping the screen with our fingers. Indeed, it is not a problem. However, to some extent,the convenience brought by technology has promoted the gradual distance between people,people and food, and the production and consumption ends.

In this project, the role of food transportation in future mobility systems will be reshaped.People are no longer just passive consumers of results. Through the optimization of foodtransportation systems, they can also be choosers who actively embrace different foodexperiences. How might we re-enable the food logistics experiences in order to inspire socialengagement beyond convenience? The possible answer to the issue came out through thisthesis.

In envisioning the future of food delivery markets, the author recognizes the opportunity totranscend mere convenience and delve into immersive food experiences that redefine the waywe engage with sustenance. Beyond mere efficiency, our aim is to create a paradigm wherefood delivery becomes a catalyst for community connection and meaningful interaction. Byintroducing a humanized mobility solution inspired by electronic pets, the author aspires to shiftthe focus from mere delivery to fostering a sense of belonging and shared experiences withinneighborhoods. This innovative approach not only satisfies hunger but also ignites a passionfor community involvement, enriching lives beyond the transactional nature of traditionaldelivery services.

The Greengait system inspires consumers to more consciously participate in urban food co-creation activities. Through anthropomorphic design, three different scenarios describe the lifestory of the food in the system and its emotional viscosity with humans. When we carefullyobserve them, the vitality that the stories happening here bring to the city will be huge andimpressive.

Sharing is caring, so why do we not care? Shared mobility vehicles are given far too little respect because they do not share anything with the user and most of the vehicles are simply not designed for sharing. Users on the other hand have little responsibility towards the product other than paying for it and rarely recognize the value of such products.

The CARE-MO project, a small fully autonomous vehicle with a unique architecture, aims to change this through involving the users, a strong human and nature centered focus, a seamless holistic service, it is possible to create transparency, connections between the users but also with the vehicle. As a part of the solution for the nowadays mobility issues within urban areas it is built against vandalism, from and for recycling and for sharing. All to reach a higher level of sharing and caring in the future.

Method

At the beginning of the project, as part of the research phase, it was essential to find the right interview partners. In this case it was a mobility expert who is involved in ongoing Lighthouse City projects in the Netherlands, a founder/director of a product design studio from Berlin that mainly works on small urban mobility solutions and lifestyle products and the founder 6 of a B2B car sharing platform from Berlin.

The aim was to identify the current problems of inner-city traffic, to determine the weak points of shared mobility products and services, to grasp the complexity of the topic and to generate initial ideas from the findings, to define attributes of the concept to be created and to develop solutions for the problems found.

The three defined attributes—built against vandalism, built from and for recycling, and last but not least, built for sharing—form the backbone of the concept and run like a common thread through the entire design. Subsequently, during an intensive ideation and exploration phase an unconventional vehicle architecture was developed that makes it possible to integrate new kind of different functionalities in both the interior and the exterior and to realize them.

While using AI tools such as Vizcom a wide range of exploration designs were created in an iterative process for details such as light signatures and rims, but also for larger components such as seats and interaction panels. In addition to conventional hand sketches and Photoshop renderings, simplified graphical icons were also used as an input. This type of workflow was not only interesting to explore but also highly surprising as it helps to create designs that sometimes deviate from the actual intention or one’s own style and thus enables new and refreshing perspectives.

Result

In addition to the relatively small footprint, great importance was attached to visually reducing the interior and exterior architecture and creating many mirrored identical parts in order to minimize the complexity of the hypothetical production of such a product. This can be seen in the example of the interaction panel, the seat architecture, the interior door structure and the handrails and the platform on the exterior. The components are function-driven and designed to express robustness while being easily replaceable by service personnel if necessary. Due to the uniformity of the parts and the various color options available, it is conceivable that the vehicles, over years of use, can acquire a very individual appearance. Ultimately, like each user, they can possess a unique character of their own. The user profile saved in the application and the current sharing level is unlocking hidden assets within the interaction panel, like a table, a phone slot and a multicolor ink screen which will visually align to the application which is used. The seating and the backrest of the seat are same parts and will unlock when the user is approaching the vehicle. Before the journey is starting it may ask for some action of caring and along the way the level of the user profile can be increased by sharing the vehicle completely or parts of it like the rear platform for goods or people which is then unlocking more assets and surprises along the journey. Care-Mo can’t solve every issue of shared mobility products but it can serve as an aspirational start for reimagining those.

In the future, the city will keep expansion, causing the thought of reconstruction of the city's public transportation system, then vertical city will be gradually formed, together with the trend of 15-min-city, the ground space will become a more human-centered area, so what kind of public mobility will look like here?

Focusing on this question, Honda e-HARMO is a new choice of ground public transportation system for the cities' living circle that can serve as a public system during busy time and be part of the city and public space when it's not been used.

The purpose of Honda e-HARMO is, in collaboration with Honda, to further get involved in the direction of public transportation from a strategic perspective, and at the same time, through the prospect of new mobility system in the future, combined with Honda's brand image, to present people with a better possibility of future urban development, and then inspire people to imagine and conceive a better future urban life together. In this concept, people are the focus of the ground, where more green spaces and public spaced will be returned to residents, and the pressure of commuting will continue to decrease. Under this occasion, public transportation on the road should also provide people with a better mobility experience, rather than focusing only on commuting between A and B, Honda e-HARMO is a brand-new ground public transportation system born under this background.

After getting this final direction, in order to provide a better experience, I tried to start from people's needs, analyze and strive to meet the needs of different residents in the city. After summary and analysis, in addition to the needs of people who have inconvenience in mobility, one of the most involved aspects is how to use the simplest way to distinguish public and private spaces in the public transportation system. Regarding the overall structure of the car, I hope to have both in-car mobility space and space designer for connection with public space in one vehicle, so that when the vehicle stops, people outside can have a more intimate and friendly interactive atmosphere with the vehicle.

Finally, by getting inspiration from traditional Chinese culture, the overall shape is inspired by traditional Chinese wooden boats to flexibly distinguish the public area and the internal area.

In the interior, Chinese Pingfeng are used as inspiration to quickly divide a small area with the smallest area. A space with more privacy finally formed the final interior and exterior design.

For the whole project, it not only propose a new public transportation but also reimagine a possible and passive future of big cities, the idea hidden behind is instead of being stuck in the optimistic mega-city living with heavy pressure in life and commute, why can't we try to rethink and reconstruct the future, just like Honda's slogan shows, use the power of dreams, create dreamed public transportation that can create fun & harmony interaction experience;

Transcend the limited bad experience and huge pressure people can only get from the public transportation and finally augment human's ability to imagine a better/ flexible/ colorful and harmonious mobility life in the future.

The project begins with an observation from the COVID-19 pandemic: many people working from home felt overstressed, and some discovered that sitting in an empty car in their driveway helped them feel better. This is due to a psychological process called “transition,” which plays a crucial role in daily well-being by allowing people to reset their minds between tasks or moments. Inspired by this, the author realized that urban dwellers face multiple transitions throughout their day. Furthermore, the author reflected on the future of megacities in China, where products and services will likely achieve peak convenience and efficiency, suggesting that mobility could play a role in enhancing quality of life. Lastly, drawing from Zeekr’s brand and design philosophy, the author aims to showcase their vision of what the future of the brand and its products could look like through this project.

The creative process combines different approaches, utilizing both analog and digital tools. It starts by creating an authentic user experience and exploring creative concepts based on the users’ needs. After selecting a concept, the author validated the proportions, scale, and packages through virtual reality. The design primarily focuses on the interior, including considerations of ergonomics, general forms, and appearance. Working with the Zeekr design team has provided valuable insights into the brand’s design philosophy. The author also received significant assistance and input from the design team.

Climate change and its effects on humans and animals and their living conditions are increasingly debated phenomena. As a result of climate change, the media emphasize that more and more people suffer from climate anxiety, which symptoms can range from mild to quite severe. In this paper, we focus on how climate anxiety is presented in the Swedish media. The purpose is to map and problematize how climate anxiety is represented by showing how this phenomenon is connected to certain ideas and descriptions. We also want to highlight the political consequences media representations of climate anxiety can have, and what they can tell us about contemporary Sweden. The survey is based on 346 articles available in the Retriver. se database. Climate anxiety was used as search term, and the search covered the time period 1 July 2022 to the end of December 2022. The findings show that climate anxiety is articulated in different and partly contradictory ways, at the same time as the material reproduces four contemporary cultural tendencies; medicalization, neoliberalism, therapy culture and individualization, which can be counterproductive with respect to both climate anxiety and climate measures in general. The fact that climate anxiety is primarily made into an individual problem may possibly work against the interest in a collective political commitment to the climate issue.