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Fast and Slow: Methods for Timely HCI and Interaction Design Research explores the dynamic interplay between rapid and reflective, or long-term vs. short-term research in human-computer interaction (HCI) and interaction design research. In an era where fast approaches to technical research are foregrounded, this book provides a critical examination of the temporalities at play in various research approaches - from long-term empirical studies to rapid prototyping. Ultimately, it asks the fundamental question of how to make timely research contributions and how to plan research projects to be timely in terms of impact. Drawing inspiration from fast and slow thinking, design thinking, and our ever-changing world, this book contrasts "fast" approaches - such as "quick-and-dirty" ethnography, prototyping, and AI-driven automation - with “slow” methodologies that emphasize ethnographic studies, longitudinal research, and participatory design. By working across the fast and slow approaches to research, the book helps researchers and practitioners navigate the trade-offs between efficiency and depth, rapid results, and reflection. Ultimately, the focus of the book is on timely research contributions. With a focus on research approaches, this book presents cases, methodological insights, and theoretical discussions that foreground the temporalities at play in HCI and interaction design research. It questions whether the rush to develop, iterate, and deploy can sometimes obscure critical insights about human behavior, emerging phenomena, ethical considerations, and long-term impact. Whether you are an HCI researcher, UX practitioner, or technology strategist, Fast and Slow: Methods for Timely HCI and Interaction Design Research offers a fresh perspective on how to plan and carry out HCI and interaction design research - over time.

This chapter addresses the potential impact of AI and digitalisation on EU’s future labour market. With a point of departure in the current geopolitical situation, climate change, and global unrest, we examine four alternative futures for how the EU might evolve over the coming ten years. We discuss how digital technologies and AI might support and enable these futures, and we examine the overarching implications for each alternative. We present a scenario matrix with four alternative but equally plausible future scenarios for 2035. These scenarios include Scenario 1: Race to the Bottom: China in EU’s Driver’s Seat, Scenario 2: The Wild West: EU in Total Disarray, Scenario 3: Circularity: EU as a Sustainable and Resilient Island, and Scenario 4: A Transformed World: The Sky is the Limit. While each scenario is plausible, we suggest that not all are desirable, and each scenario should be further scrutinised. Ultimately, we collectively question and discuss what future scenario EU we want to create and what this means for policy development. Accordingly, the impact AI and digitalisation have on EU's future labour market is fully dependent on which path, and which scenario, we strive for in this development.

In this chapter, we focus on the “twin transition” of manufacturing and the future of labour within the context of the circular economy and ocean plastics. Our point of departure is the sustainability challenges associated with ocean plastics, the fishing industry, and local coastal communities, and we first describe the existing challenges before presenting issues related to sustainability and circularity. We then discuss the related future opportunities for the labour market given that we are beginning to see the re-imagining and re-routing of material from linear to circular flows. We illustrate this through presenting the “microfactory” concept first developed under the Peniche Ocean Watch Initiative in Portugal, where the re-routing and re-purposing of discarded fishing nets is done on-site, in the local context, to be later re-imagined into new forms of use, in this case, recyclable furniture produced through large-scale additive manufacturing. We then return to our overarching discussion – how a turn to nature might also be a turn for the future of labour, and conclude by pinpointing how this turn offers an alternative way forward – one that by staying close to nature is inclusive, sustainable, and circular.

The intertwined and inseparable relation between humans and technology has been a focal point of exploration for decades—evolving from the mechanical age to the digital era. Today, as technological advances permeate nearly every facet of human life, from the everyday to work life, the study of human-technology interaction (HTI) has expanded into a multidisciplinary area of research that combines psychology, design, computer science, informatics, engineering, sociology, and other disciplines as the use and adoption of new technologies increasingly infiltrate every aspect of human existence. This book intends to be a thorough reference for readers who are curious about and need methods and approaches for navigating the complex inter- actions that occur between people and technology in this broad variety of settings. This book's organization and content are described in the introduction that follows, which also provides an overview of the chapters that cover various facets of HTI. 

The increasing use of digital screens—computers, smartphones, tablets, and televisions—has significant psychological effects on human behaviour, cognition, emotions, and well-being. Known as "screen time", this phenomenon has been widely studied, but its impact on identity formation in the digital age is less understood. This literature review aims to explore how screen time influences identity formation, focusing on four aspects of identity: biological, psychological, social, and cultural. Additionally, the study considers screen time from four perspectives: biological, psychological, social, and cultural time. By analysing existing research, we identified overlapping approaches and interconnected relationships between these identity aspects and screen time. Based on this analysis, we propose a unified model called the "Screen Time Identity Formation"-model (STIF-model), which provides a framework for examining the relationship between screen use and identity formation. This model offers a comprehensive approach to understanding how individuals form their identities in the context of digital screens, how these screens influence their relationships with others, and how they shape overall life experiences in a screen-dominated environment. The STIF model offers a new perspective on identity formation in the digital age, emphasizing the deep connection between screen time and personal development.

The expanding interest in justice-oriented HCI focusing on critical perspectives, structural oppression, and marginalization—often referred to as social justice—is reflected in a growing number of publications over the past few years. Through the continuous growth of social justice in HCI, we argue that now is a good time to provide an overview of the ongoing and current streams of social justice research. We introduce social justice as it has grown in HCI during the last 15 years followed by the most commonly framed theoretical tenets. Secondly, we construct a corpus of 60 HCI articles building on social justice as the main concept. Through our corpus we summarize and present 4 currently ongoing streams of research to further a cohesive, yet fluid understanding of how social justice is shaped and understood within HCI. Describing these interconnected streams also gives us the possibility to frame and describe the current development and move forward as a research community. Based on our study and discussions, we suggest 6 considerations for HCI researchers seeking to work with social justice as a concept, and we emphasize the need for long-term engagement in justiceoriented research to foreground and enable societal change and social good. Through this study, we contribute to the ongoing growth of social justice research in HCI by providing an overview of current streams and ways forward.