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Publications (10 of 127) Show all publications
Rostami, A., Burman, M., Ghazinour, M. & Hansson, J. (2025). Sexual and gender-based harassment against police employees in European countries: a scoping review. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 31(1), 33-52
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sexual and gender-based harassment against police employees in European countries: a scoping review
2025 (English)In: Journal of Language and Sexuality, ISSN 2211-3770, E-ISSN 2211-3789, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 33-52Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sexual and gender-based harassment is a work environment concern, especially in hierarchical and male-dominant organisations such as the police. This scoping review aims to examine the existing literature on such harassment against police employees in Europe to identify the available knowledge and highlight the gaps for future studies. Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, 16 relevant articles were analysed. Most of the studies were focused on sexual harassment, and gender-based harassment was mostly absent or mixed with other discriminations. The analysis resulted in six main themes: existence of sexual and gender-based harassment; perpetrators; associated factors; consequences; individual response; and impact of organisational policies. The findings demonstrate that such harassment remains prevalent among police employees, emphasising the need for continuous and rigorous supervision, evaluation, and comprehensive revision of policies by police authorities. This study recommends further research to address the identified gaps in this field.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2025
Keywords
Police, Sexual harassment, Gender-based harassment, European countries, Work environment
National Category
Gender Studies Occupational Health and Environmental Health
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-219346 (URN)10.1080/13552600.2024.2316156 (DOI)001168666500001 ()2-s2.0-85186191774 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Umeå University
Note

Originally included in thesis in manuscript form. 

Available from: 2024-01-11 Created: 2024-01-11 Last updated: 2025-05-28Bibliographically approved
Holmquist, S., Inzunza, M., Ghazinour, M. & Jonsson, B. (2024). Assessing autonomy, relatedness, and competence in higher education: the Swedish need satisfaction and frustration scale. Education Inquiry, 15(4), 423-442
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessing autonomy, relatedness, and competence in higher education: the Swedish need satisfaction and frustration scale
2024 (English)In: Education Inquiry, E-ISSN 2000-4508, Vol. 15, no 4, p. 423-442Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Need-satisfying experiences corresponding to students' psychological needs of autonomy, relatedness, and competence lead to increased academic engagement and well-being. A lack of education-specific basic needs instruments validated in Swedish may inhibit basic needs research in Swedish-speaking student populations. Thus, the present study aimed to adapt the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS) to the context of education in Sweden and validate this new Swedish NSFS in a sample of Swedish university students (n = 417, 59.7% women, mean age = 23.3 (SD = 4.3) years). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the dimensionality of NSFS ratings, followed by structural equation modelling of nomological networks of basic needs, academic engagement, life satisfaction, academic burnout, and perceived stress. The NSFS ratings were best described by a three-factor model with methods correction for reversed item bias. Results showed that each need uniquely contributed to perceived stress and academic burnout. Relatedness and competence, but not autonomy, were significant predictors of life satisfaction and academic engagement. The main study contribution was providing a Swedish NSFS to assess autonomy, relatedness, and competence in higher education. The results support the use of the Swedish NSFS as a three-dimensional measure of basic needs in Swedish-speaking student populations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2024
Keywords
Well-being, education, confirmatory factor analysis, self-determination theory, basic psychological needs
National Category
Didactics Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-199255 (URN)10.1080/20004508.2022.2116877 (DOI)000850168500001 ()2-s2.0-85137749084 (Scopus ID)
Note

Originally included in thesis in manuscript form.

First published online 04 Sep 2022.

Available from: 2022-09-09 Created: 2022-09-09 Last updated: 2024-12-05Bibliographically approved
Padyab, M., Padyab, A., Rostami, A. & Ghazinour, M. (2024). Cybercrime in Nordic countries: a scoping review on demographic, socioeconomic, and technological determinants. SN Social Sciences, 4(11), Article ID 205.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cybercrime in Nordic countries: a scoping review on demographic, socioeconomic, and technological determinants
2024 (English)In: SN Social Sciences, E-ISSN 2662-9283, Vol. 4, no 11, article id 205Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Knowledge of factors contributing to cybercrime threats is needed to plan effective prevention strategies to combat the increasingly common occurrence of cybercrime. This scoping review summarizes current status of the literature published on the demographic, socioeconomic, and technological determinants of cybercrime offenders and victims in Nordic countries. The review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, leading to the selection of 16 articles published between 2013 and 2022 for critical appraisal and data extraction. Only two studies focused on cybercrime offenders. The majority of studies (n = 10) were conducted in Finland and the dominant types of crime were harassment and online hate. Age, gender, living alone, immigration background, income, and education played different roles in determining victimization for different types of cybercrime. Associations between victimization and technological factors such as computer skills, protective measures, and specific platforms have also been identified. This review contributes to the emerging research area of cybercrime in Nordic countries by mapping the context of cybercrime and highlighting areas where further research is needed to ensure the protection of individuals in an increasingly digitalized world.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Cybercrime, Victimization, Nordic countries, Determinant
National Category
Social Work Computer Sciences Other Legal Research Criminology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-231333 (URN)10.1007/s43545-024-00990-x (DOI)2-s2.0-85211103680 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2022-05472
Available from: 2024-10-31 Created: 2024-10-31 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Sundqvist, J., Ghazinour, M. & Eriksson, M. (2024). Risk- och friskfaktorer i arbetsmiljön för poliser i yttre tjänst. Gävle: Myndigheten för arbetsmiljökunskap
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Risk- och friskfaktorer i arbetsmiljön för poliser i yttre tjänst
2024 (Swedish)Report (Refereed)
Abstract [sv]

Poliser i yttre tjänst har en avgörande roll i att förebygga, förhindra och upptäcka brottslig verksamhet, samt att bevaka den allmänna ordningen och säkerheten. Detta uppdrag är inte begränsat till en specifik plats utan spänner över hela samhället. Det innebär att hela samhället utgör polisernas arbetsmiljö. Denna arbetsmiljö är dock komplex och involverar risker såsom hot och våld. Det gör att poliser i yttre tjänst löper en särskilt hög risk för övergrepp, vilket kan leda till långvariga fysiska och psykiska påverkningar.

Poliser ställs inför ökande krav, särskilt med tanke på de samhällsutmaningar som finns idag med exempelvis den grova organiserade brottsligheten. En hög andel poliser överväger att lämna yrket och upplever känslor av otillräcklighet. Det indikerar att det finns utmaningar i arbetsmiljön. Det är därför nödvändigt att få en systematisk översikt över risk- och friskfaktorer på individ-, organisations och samhällsnivå för att utveckla effektiva arbetsmiljöstrategier för en hållbar polisorganisation.

Forskargruppens uppdrag av Myndigheten för arbetsmiljökunskap är att sammanställa befintlig forskning som genomförts i Sverige och Europa de senaste tio åren gällande arbetsmiljö för poliser i yttre tjänst. Resultatet kan vara ett stöd i den svenska polismyndighetens arbetsmiljöarbete.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Myndigheten för arbetsmiljökunskap, 2024. p. 79
Series
Kunskapssammanställning ; 2024:4
Keywords
Poliser i yttre tjänst
National Category
Social Work Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine Work Sciences
Research subject
police science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-221767 (URN)978-91-89747-53-1 (ISBN)
Available from: 2024-03-05 Created: 2024-03-05 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Bellander, S., Eriksson, M., Sundqvist, J. & Ghazinour, M. (2024). To what extent did the terrorist attack in Stockholm 2017 instill fear in the Swedish population?. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression
Open this publication in new window or tab >>To what extent did the terrorist attack in Stockholm 2017 instill fear in the Swedish population?
2024 (English)In: Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, ISSN 1943-4472, E-ISSN 1943-4480Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

An aim of committing terror is to instill fear in the population. This article explores to what extent Swedish citizens were cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally affected by the 2017 terrorist attack in Stockholm and how the citizens perceived that the authorities handled the situation. The study is based on data from a survey with 1996 participants, consisting of a random sample of people living in Sweden, aged 18–79 years. Our results show that exposure to terrorist acts has a significant negative psychological impact on the population in general and on those who do not feel part of Swedish society in particular. The attack's negative effect was despite the fact that the vast majority of respondents felt that society had handled the attack well and almost half of the respondents stated that they had gained increased confidence in the authorities.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2024
Keywords
fear, mental health, society, Terrorism, worry
National Category
Social Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-230575 (URN)10.1080/19434472.2024.2406349 (DOI)001322320000001 ()2-s2.0-85205231848 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-10-10 Created: 2024-10-10 Last updated: 2024-10-10
Padyab, M., Hansson, J., Sundqvist, J., Inzunza, M. & Ghazinour, M. (2023). A comparative study of stress experienced by Swedish and Norwegian police officers. Frontiers in Health Services, 3
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A comparative study of stress experienced by Swedish and Norwegian police officers
Show others...
2023 (English)In: Frontiers in Health Services, E-ISSN 2813-0146, Vol. 3Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Police officers work in a variable environment under different circumstances and often involves stressful situations. This include working irregular hours, ongoing exposure to critical incidents, confrontations and violence. community police officers are mainly out in the society and have daily contact with the general public. critical incidents can also consist of being criticized and stigmatized as a police officer, both from the public but also lack of support from their own organization. There is evidence on negative impacts of stress on police officers. However, knowledge about the nature of police stress and its various types is insufficient. It is assumed that there are common stress factors which are universal among all police officers in different contexts but there is a lack of comparative studies to provide empirical evidence. The aim of this study is to compare different types of stress among police officers in Norway and Sweden and how the pattern of experiencing stress has changed over time in these countries.

Methods: The study population consisted of patrolling police officers from 20 local police districts or units in all seven regions in Sweden (n = 953) and patrolling police officers from four police districts in Norway (n = 678). A 42-item Police Stress Identification Questionnaire was used to measure the stress level.

Results: The findings show differences in types of stressful events as well as its severity among police officers in Sweden and Norway. The level of stress decreased over time among Swedish police officers whereas it showed no change or even an increase among the Norwegian participants.

Discussion: The results of this study are relevant for policy-makers, police authorities and lay police officers in each country to tailor their efforts to prevent stress among police officers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023
Keywords
stress, police, comparative study, Sweden, Norway
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-208339 (URN)10.3389/frhs.2023.1072248 (DOI)001112632600001 ()36926512 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85159670302 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-05-20 Created: 2023-05-20 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Granholm Valmari, E., Ghazinour, M., Nygren, U. & Gilenstam, K. (2023). A systematic review of lifestyle and health among patrolling police officers. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 30(5), 721-744
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A systematic review of lifestyle and health among patrolling police officers
2023 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 1103-8128, E-ISSN 1651-2014, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 721-744Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: The police profession is a high-strain and high-risk profession, sometimes resulting in poor physical, mental and social health. This systematic review aims to identify and describe crucial areas for a healthy and sustainable lifestyle among patrolling police officers in Europe, an area not previously studied.

Methods: The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A protocol was published and registered with PROSPERO beforehand. Searches were carried out in eight databases. Two independent authors screened articles and critically appraised the included studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted to analyse the results. The review’s total body of evidence was assessed with GRADE-CERQaul.

Results: A total of 16 articles were located, representing 13 studies. Barriers and resources for a healthy and sustainable lifestyle were linked to a theoretical framework of life balance. Subsequently, a linkage model was created to explain different aspects of patrolling police officers’ life balance and its relation to health (physical, social and mental).

Conclusions: Several crucial areas for a healthy and sustainable lifestyle were found and described, indicating that patrolling officers’ working life affects their possibilities of living a balanced lifestyle, which might disturb different aspects of health, depending on which aspect is compromised.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2023
National Category
Occupational Therapy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-196658 (URN)10.1080/11038128.2022.2083013 (DOI)000811661000001 ()35704703 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85131946256 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-06-16 Created: 2022-06-16 Last updated: 2023-06-19Bibliographically approved
Granholm Valmari, E., Nygren, U., Ghazinour, M. & Gilenstam, K. (2023). Being a top cop in pursuit of a sustainable lifestyle. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 18(1), Article ID 2235789.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Being a top cop in pursuit of a sustainable lifestyle
2023 (English)In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 2235789Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Previous research has widely recognized the challenges uniformed police officers face in their working lives. However, little is known about the overall lifestyles of police officers, including what they do in private life. We interviewed 17 officers and used reflexive thematic analysis to explore their experiences. The study sheds light on how uniformed police officers navigate the intersection between their private and professional lives, as well as how their professional role impacts their day-to-day doings and private life roles. The key findings relate to how the demands of their professional role impact their private life, such as the profession becoming a way of life. Furthermore, they highlight the challenges of avoiding certain environments where they might be recognized as police officers. It also entails balancing energy levels in work and private life, as well as how their profession’s unpredictability affects their daily routines and roles. The findings also show how their personal choices in private life are frequently influenced by their professional role. The study’s findings have theoretical as well as practical implications, contributing to a better understanding of uniformed police officers’ challenges and resources for a sustainable and healthy lifestyle.

Keywords
balance in life, first responder, health, occupational patterns, patrol service, police officer, reflexive thematic analysis, roles, spare-time activities, work-life conflict
National Category
Occupational Therapy
Research subject
police science; Occupational therapy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-212296 (URN)10.1080/17482631.2023.2235789 (DOI)001029676500001 ()37469287 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85165246968 (Scopus ID)
Funder
The Kempe Foundations
Available from: 2023-07-20 Created: 2023-07-20 Last updated: 2023-12-13Bibliographically approved
Hansson, J., Eriksson, M., Hjertstedt, M. & Ghazinour, M. (2023). Coercive measures against minors in the Swedish asylum process: legal uncertainty, ambivalence and experiences of intrusiveness. Nordic Journal of Social Research, 14(1), 1-21
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Coercive measures against minors in the Swedish asylum process: legal uncertainty, ambivalence and experiences of intrusiveness
2023 (English)In: Nordic Journal of Social Research, E-ISSN 1892-2783, Vol. 14, no 1, p. 1-21Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Asylum-seeking minors are viewed as particularly vulnerable but are still exposed to coercive measures permitted by law. This study analyses Swedish Police Authority and Swedish Migration Agency officials’ perceptions of coercive measures towards minors in the asylum process in light of the Swedish law, and raises minors’ own voices on their experiences of coercive measures. Qualitative interviews were performed with 1) officials at the Swedish Police Authority and Swedish Migration Agency who manage and use coercive actions against minors and 2) former minors with experiences of being subjected to coercive measures. Based on a thematic analysis, the results illustrate how the officials’ perceptions about coercive measures are characterized by uncertainty and ambivalence. The minors expressed the importance of how they were treated during the asylum process rather than the coercive measure as such. Swedish law regulating coercive measures needs clarifications to give sufficient guidance for practice.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Universitetsforlaget, 2023
Keywords
asylum-seeking minors, law, officials, thematic analysis, qualitative interviews
National Category
Other Social Sciences Social Work
Research subject
police science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-216998 (URN)10.18261/njsr.14.1.6 (DOI)2-s2.0-85179495917 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2018-00410
Available from: 2023-11-23 Created: 2023-11-23 Last updated: 2023-12-22Bibliographically approved
Granholm Valmari, E., Ghazinour, M., Nygren, U. & Gilenstam, K. (2023). Exploring the life contexts of patrolling police officers in the European Union – A scoping review. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 30(5), 585-603
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring the life contexts of patrolling police officers in the European Union – A scoping review
2023 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 1103-8128, E-ISSN 1651-2014, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 585-603Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Patrolling police officers engage in different mentally, socially, and physically challenging life contexts which may affect their life and health. The aim of this scoping review is twofold, to explore life contexts of patrolling officers in the European Union, and to investigate how their lives and health are affected by environmental characteristics within these contexts.

Methods: The scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology and included a critical appraisal. The environmental model within Kielhofner’s Model of Human Occupation was used in the thematic analysis. The review was reported following PRISMA-ScR.

Results: In the 16 included studies, two contexts (where environments interact with persons on different levels) were discovered: the global and the immediate context. No local contexts were found. Primarily, research on the social, and occupational environments, including qualities identified in these environments were found. However, some environmental characteristics within patrolling officers’ physical environments were also discovered.

Discussion: This review contributes to the emerging research area of police officers’ life contexts, by mapping contexts and environments affecting their life and health. However, to get a deeper understanding of how officers are affected by their environments, interviewing them regarding how their different contexts affect their everyday living, would be important.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2023
Keywords
Activity, environment, health, MOHO, occupational, patrol duty, physical, social, thematic analysis
National Category
Occupational Therapy
Research subject
Occupational therapy; police science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-192771 (URN)10.1080/11038128.2022.2041088 (DOI)000761484700001 ()35225165 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85125928893 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-02-27 Created: 2022-02-27 Last updated: 2023-12-13Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-1230-6720

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