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Purpose: To compare long-term survival and clinical outcomes of endosseous implants with different surface characteristics in patients with sinus elevation procedures, autologous bone grafting, and delayed implant placement. Materials and Methods: Implant survival, peri-implant soft tissue conditions, marginal bone level, intrasinus apical bone level, and sinus health were studied in patients subjected to autologous bone graft and delayed placement of implants with turned or oxidized surfaces. After a minimum of 5 years of functional loading, all patients were clinically examined regarding gingival pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BoP). The marginal bone level (MBL) was measured in intraoral radiographs. Cone beam computed tomography was used to evaluate the apical bone level (ABL) of the implants and intrasinus conditions. Results: Twenty-eight patients received sinus elevation and a total of 92 dental implants. Thirteen patients received 47 implants with a turned surface, and 15 patients received 45 implants with an oxidized surface. Mean follow-up was 10 years (range, 5 to 19 years). No significant difference was found between the two implant surfaces in terms of PD, BoP, MBL, or ABL. Four patients (14%) exhibited radiographic signs of sinus pathology, with opacification, polyplike structures, and thickening of the sinus membrane. Radiographic signs of sinus pathology were not correlated to implant survival or to the investigated parameters. Conclusion: Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with intraorally harvested bone and delayed placement of either turned or oxidized implants results in equally high long-term survival rates, stable marginal and apical bone levels, and good peri-implant soft tissue health.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study was performed to test the hypothesis that an orthodontic oral appliance (OA) that is designed to work against the backwardly directed forces on the upper incisors may counteract the reduction in overjet from these devices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with normal bites, good oral health, and milder sleep apnea were randomized to treatment with either OAs or orthodontic OAs. Bite changes were evaluated on plaster casts and radiographs and by questionnaires after a mean of 2.4 years in 19 frequent users.

RESULTS: Four of nine patients in the orthodontic OA group increased their overjet by > or =0.4 mm, while none of the 10 patients in the OA group experienced that effect.

CONCLUSION: Only the orthodontic OA increases the overjet; this design may therefore be beneficial to patients at risk of negative effects on their bite during OA treatment.

A total of 30 patients, 10 in a developmental group and 20 in a routine group, with extremely resorbed maxillae were treated with bone grafting from the hip and implant placement in a one-stage procedure. All patients were followed for a minimum of 5 years and were examined regarding the long-term success rate of the implants and marginal bone level. The implant success rate was 74.6% for the whole patient group and 85.8% for the routine group, after 5 years. The marginal bone along the implant surface decreased continuously, up to 3 years and thereafter the bone level stabilized. In the routine group, changes in bone graft dimensions over time were also evaluated by computerized tomography. The mean height of the bone graft postoperatively at all implant sites was 8.3 mm. The total mean bone height, including bone graft and residual alveolar crest, was 12.4 mm. After 5 years the total bone height had decreased to a mean of 10 mm. The mean width of the bone graft was 12 mm postoperatively and 8.7 mm at the 5-year examination. A substantial amount of bone can be gained in patients with extremely resorbed maxillae, when treated with bone graft according to the procedure described in this study.

This study was designed to develop a method of transferring gonion from lateral to frontal cephalograms, and to use this method as gold standard when evaluating observer performance in identifying gonion in frontal cephalograms. Observer ability to identify antegonion was also evaluated. There was a range of 28 mm in the observers' identification of gonion and a statistically significant deviation from gold standard. The factors "observer" and "cephalogram," regarded as random effects in an ANOVA analysis, and their interaction, each influenced the result, P < .001. The deviation from the mean of all observations for antegonion ranged 8 mm with "cephalogram" having a statistically significant influence. The results suggest that neither gonion nor antegonion can be routinely used as valid landmarks in frontal cephalograms. Gonion can, however, be used if first identified in a lateral cephalogram and transferred to a paired frontal cephalogram aided by radiographic indicators combined with a bilateral scrutiny of projection geometry in different planes through gonion and indicator.

Purpose: To compare healing of endosseous implants with different surface characteristics in patients with sinus elevation procedures, autologous bone graft and delayed implant installation. Implant survival, peri-implant soft tissue conditions, marginal bone level, intra-sinus apical bone level and sinus health were studied.

Material and Methods: Twenty-eight patients were subjected to autologous bone graft and delayed implant placement, with a total of 92 dental implants. Thirteen patients received 47 implants with a turned surface and 15 patients received 45 implants with an oxidized surface. After a minimum of 5 years of functional loading (mean 10 years, range 5 - 19 years), all patients were clinically examined regarding gingival pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BoP). The marginal bone level (MBL) was measured in intraoral radiographs. A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for evaluating the apical bone level (ABL) of the implants and intrasinus conditions.

Results: No significant difference was found between the two implants surfaces used in terms of PD, BoP, MBL or ABL. Pathological reactions to the sinus membrane was seen in four of the patients (14%). Radiographic signs of sinus pathology were not correlated to either survival rate of the implants nor the investigated parameters. Conclusion: Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with intra-orally harvested bone and delayed placement of either turned or oxidized implants results in equally high long-term survival rates, stable marginal and apical bone levels and good peri-implant soft tissue health.