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We computationally completely enumerate a number of types of row-column designs up to isotopism, including double, sesqui, and triple arrays as known from the literature, and two newly introduced types that we call mono arrays and AO-arrays. We calculate autotopism group sizes for the designs we generate. For larger parameter values, where complete enumeration is not feasible, we generate examples of some of the designs, and for some admissible parameter sets, we prove non-existence results. We give some explicit constructions of sesqui arrays, mono arrays and AO-arrays, in particular, we prove constructively that AO-arrays exist for all feasible parameter sets. Finally, we investigate connections to Youden rectangles and binary pseudo-Youden designs.

We study sets of mutually orthogonal Latin rectangles (MOLR), and a natural variation of the concept of self-orthogonal Latin squares which is applicable on larger sets of mutually orthogonal Latin squares and MOLR, namely that each Latin rectangle in a set of MOLR is isotopic to each other rectangle in the set. We call such a set of MOLR co-isotopic. In the course of doing this, we perform a complete enumeration of sets of t mutually orthogonal k × n Latin rectangles for k ≤ n ≤ 7, for all t < n up to isotopism, and up to paratopism. Additionally, for larger n we enumerate co-isotopic sets of MOLR, as well as sets of MOLR where the autotopism group acts transitively on the rectangles, and we call such sets of MOLR transitive. We build the sets of MOLR row by row, and in this process we also keep track of which of the MOLR are co-isotopic and/or transitive in each step of the construction process. We use the prefix stepwise to refer to sets of MOLR with this property at each step of their construction. Sets of MOLR are connected to other discrete objects, notably finite geometries and certain regular hypergraphs. Here we observe that all projective planes of order at most 9 except the Hughes plane can be constructed from a stepwise transitive MOLR.

We introduce an algorithm which can be directly used to feasible and optimum search in linear programming. Starting from an initial point the algorithm iteratively moves a point in a direction to resolve the violated constraints. At the same time, it ensures that previously fulfilled constraints are not breached during this process. The method is based on geometrical properties of n-dimensional space and can be used on any type of linear constraints (>, =, ≥), moreover it can be used when the feasible region is non-full-dimensional.

In this paper we first study k × n Youden rectangles of small orders. We have enumerated all Youden rectangles for a range of small parameter values, excluding the almost square cases where k = n − 1, in a large scale computer search. In particular, we verify the previous counts for (n, k) = (7, 3), (7, 4), and extend this to the cases (11, 5), (11, 6), (13, 4) and (21, 5). For small parameter values where no Youden rectangles exist, we also enumerate rectangles where the number of symbols common to two columns is always one of two possible values, differing by 1, which we call near Youden rectangles. For all the designs we generate, we calculate the order of the autotopism group and investigate to which degree a certain transformation can yield other row-column designs, namely double arrays, triple arrays and sesqui arrays. Finally, we also investigate certain Latin rectangles with three possible pairwise intersection sizes for the columns and demonstrate that these can give rise to triple and sesqui arrays which cannot be obtained from Youden rectangles, using the transformation mentioned above.

We have performed a complete enumeration of non-isotopic triples of mutually orthogonal k × n Latin rectangles for k ≤ n ≤ 7. Here we will present a census of such triples, classified by various properties, including the order of the autotopism group of the triple. As part of this we have also achieved the first enumeration of pairwise orthogonal triples of Youden rectangles. We have also studied orthogonal triples of k×8 rectangles which are formed by extending mutually orthogonal triples with non-trivial autotopisms one row at a time, and requiring that the autotopism group is non-trivial in each step. This class includes a triple coming from the projective plane of order 8. Here we find a remarkably symmetrical pair of triples of 4 × 8 rectangles, formed by juxtaposing two   selected copies of complete sets of MOLS of order 4.

The zero forcing number of a graph is a graph parameter based on a color change process, which starts with a state, where all vertices are colored either black or white. In the next step a white vertex turns black, if it is the only white neighbor of some black vertex, and this step is then iterated. The zero forcing number Z(G) is defined as the minimum cardinality of a set S of black vertices such that the whole vertex set turns black.

In this paper we study Z(G) for the class of bijection graphs, where a bijection graph is a graph on 2n vertices that can be partitioned into two parts with n vertices each, joined by a perfect matching. For this class of graphs we show an upper bound for the zero forcing number and classify the graphs that attain this bound. We improve the general lower bound for the zero forcing number, which is Z(G)&#x2265;&#x03B4;(G)" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">Z(G)≥δ(G)Z(G)≥δ(G), for certain bijection graphs and use this improved bound to find the exact value of the zero forcing number for these graphs. This extends and strengthens results of Yi (2012) about the more restricted class of so called permutation graphs.