This chapter contains a review of how neurophysiological investigations in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions. Published findings from rat and mouse models of PD/LID are summarized with respect to changes in firing rates, local field potential oscillations, and network entrainment phenomena. Differences between results obtained in the mouse and rat models are discussed, together with the relevance of methodological differences between studies. For example, the importance of considering the behavioral state of the animal and the need to clarify the meaning of terms used to define spectral ranges, such as beta and gamma, are underscored. Finally, the translational relevance of studies of network dynamics in rodent models of PD/LID for the further development of therapies, such as deep brain stimulation, is highlighted.