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This study offers a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art developments regarding the application of phase change materials (PCMs) into building envelopes and HVAC systems. Incorporating PCMs into building envelopes can significantly enhance thermal storage capacity and reduce the influence of outdoor temperature fluctuations on interior spaces' thermal conditions. Furthermore, combining PCM-enhanced building envelopes with night ventilation can effectively utilize natural cooling resources, thereby improving both the adaptability and efficiency of PCMs in regulating indoor thermal environments and reducing building energy consumption. An alternative approach for energy conservation involves integrating PCMs directly within ventilation and air conditioning systems. This review offers insights and recommendations for future research, highlighting the necessity of further developments in materials science, system optimization, and real-world application studies to maximize the potential of PCMs in the built environment.