This chapter aims to describe, illustrate, and discuss the rationale behind Swedish educational policy and the changing school management practices related to digital education. Based on a review of selected Swedish digital education policy documents and research literature, this chapter presents the transformation of digitalization that has taken place in Swedish schools during recent decades, the target formulations in policies, and the characteristics of school governance related to the international trends of adopting comparison of student performance on standard tests such as the PISA, as well as using big data for policy legitimation.