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Background: We have in a retrospective design used laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) classification to describe stenotic subsites and through international classification of disease (ICD-10) codes its diagnostic origins. The diagnostic challenge posed by varied etiologies can lead to treatment delays, in potentially life-threatening conditions.

Aims/objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore and ascertain the etiological and anatomical distribution of LTS to reduce misdiagnosis and as such delayed access to adequate treatment.

Material and methods: The included cases were consecutively recruited between 1999 and 2019, all labeled with relevant ICD-10 codes for the research question in combination with medical records for evaluation of its accuracy. The primary outcome was the causes, and anatomical locations of LTS.

Results: A total of 1441 records were screened, with 1071 cases meeting the inclusion criteria. The most common cause was unilateral vocal fold immobility, followed by glottic cancer. Benign causes were more prevalent than malignant ones, with glottic-level stenoses being most frequent.

Conclusion and significance: Unilateral vocal fold immobility is the most prevalent cause of LTS in our material. These findings can enhance diagnostic efficiency by increasing clinical awareness of common etiologies.