Sweden has a long-standing tradition of recording causes of death, dating back to the establishment of Tabellverket, in 1749. At that time, parish ministers were responsible for documenting causes of death in parish registers and compiling related statistics, which were then used for national population data. This article explores the various agents involved in the development and maintenance of this reporting system. These include government officials (including medical scientists), practising physicians, clergy and the close social networks of the deceased. Each group played a vital role in shaping how causes of death were recorded and understood. The reporting system functioned as an information network, influenced by the differing levels of knowledge and perspectives on disease and mortality held by these agents. While the clergy initially occupied a central position in this system, the role of physicians — limited at first — gradually expanded as medical expertise and authority grew over time. Despite the limitations of the early reporting system, the preserved cause-of-death data offers invaluable insights into the changing landscape of public health, disease patterns and mortality in Sweden from the mid-18th to the mid-20th century.