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Beyond Limits to Growth!: Collaboration Between the International Business and United Nations in Shaping Global Environmental Governance
Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Economic History. 19720206-8982.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1087-9656
2022 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This working paper examines the historical role of business interests in shaping structures for global environmental governance. Drawing on extensive historical evidence from the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and other archives, the paper demonstrates that international business associations, in particular the ICC were instrumental to the transformation of international environmental governancebetween the UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972 and Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. The ICC, which was sidelined in the debates on the environment in Stockholm in 1972, gradually managed to establish itself as a key partner for the United Nations and to introduce a liberal environmental vision that emphasized economic growth, market forces, free trade, and business self-regulation as a source of environmental governance. While environmental debate at the time for the Stockholm conference in 1972 was centered around the notion of Limits to Growth we find that the ICC actively contributed to the definition of the concept sustainable development. This paper not only helps to explain the role of business in constructing the concept of sustainable development but also why the concept became so widely accepted in the world business community. The problem was that this conception of sustainable development allowed for the incremental greening of corporations, which did not reflect the real need for measures to prevent the ongoing environmental crisis from worsening, including climate change.

Abstract [fr]

Ce working paper examine le rôle historique des multinationales dans la mise en place d’une gouvernance environnementale internationale. En s'appuyant sur de nombreux fonds d’archives, en particulier ceux de la Chambre de Commerce Internationale (CCI), l'objectif de ce working paper est de montrer que les organisations patronales internationales, en particulier la CCI, ont joué un rôle déterminant dans la transformation de la gouvernance environnementale mondiale entre la Conférence des Nations Unies sur l'environnement humain à Stockholm en 1972 et le Sommet de la Terre à Rio en 1992. La CCI, qui avait été mise à l'écart lors des débats à Stockholm, a progressivement réussi à s'imposer comme un partenaire clé des Nations Unies et à introduire, voire imposer une vision libérale de l'environnement qui mettait l'accent sur la croissance économique, les forces du marché, le libre-échange et l'autorégulation des entreprises comme instruments de la gouvernance environnementale. Alors que le débat environnemental à l'époque de la conférence de Stockholm en 1972 était centré sur la notion de limites à la croissance, nous constatons que la CCI a activement contribué, durant les deux décennies suivantes, à la définition du concept de développement durable. Ce working paper permet non seulement d'expliquer le rôle des multinationales dans l’émergence de ce concept, mais aussi de comprendre pourquoi la notion de développement durable a été si largement acceptée par le monde des affaires. Cette conception du développement durable a certes rendu possible une progressive prise de conscience écologique des entreprises, mais elle n’a pas favorisé l’introduction des mesures visant à empêcher l'aggravation de la crise environnementale, notamment le changement climatique.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Université de Lausanne , 2022. , p. 37
Series
IEP Working Paper Series
Keywords [en]
environment, history, international organisations, business, sustainable development
Keywords [fr]
environnement, histoire, organisations internationales, business, développement durable
National Category
Social Sciences
Research subject
Economic History
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-192827OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-192827DiVA, id: diva2:1641254
Available from: 2022-03-01 Created: 2022-03-01 Last updated: 2022-03-01Bibliographically approved

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Bergquist, Ann-Kristin

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
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