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Today, mainly wood-based feedstocks are used in thermo-chemical biomass conversion since they have a comparably high heating value and contain a small amount of ash. Fluidized beds allow a greater variety of fuels to be used, since they are rather flexible regarding their fuel input. The use of biogenic waste streams (chicken manure, horse manure, etc.) and sewage sludge would not only increase the fuel diversity in fluidized beds but might also enhance the usability of side products. The contained essential nutrients like phosphorus, potassium, calcium, etc. in these fuels are enriched in the ash after thermochemical conversion. Thus, in the near future it may be possible to apply this ash as secondary resource for fertilizer. Especially the recovery of phosphorus is of importance due to the imminent phosphorus scarcity. Due to its tendency to react with ash forming elements in fuels, phosphorus influences the ash chemistry severely. Especially the agglomeration and layer formation on bed materials during biomass combustion and gasification is highly dependent on the predominant ash forming elements. Phosphorus therefore has a significant impact on those mechanisms. Until now, the behavior of phosphorus-rich fuels in fluidized beds has not been studied in much detail. To develop a basic understanding of the behavior, phosphorus-rich feedstock was combusted in a bench-scale fluidized bed reactor. Ash layers on bed particles, which were formed during these experiments, were studied and compared to results with phosphorus-lean fuels. Furthermore, layer formation of phosphorus-rich and phosphorus-lean fuels from dual fluid bed gasification were compared to those from fluidized bed combustion. The studied layers on bed materials showed significant amounts of phosphorus. The data also indicates a change in layer formation as soon as phosphorus is present. An increased catalytic activity due ash-layer formation was observed for both phosphorus-rich and phosphorus-lean feedstock, independent from the presence of phosphorus in the ash layer.