Research has identified characteristics of professional development programmes (PDPs) that are important for accomplishing change in teachers’ practice and student achievement. However, these characteristics do not predict and guarantee the outcomes of a specific PDP. In the present study the authors investigated whether the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation can be used to explain teachers’ change of practice. Through teacher interviews and questionnaires the authors investigated why randomly selected year-7 teachers, after participating in a PDP on formative assessment, changed their practice in ways identified in an earlier study, and why these changes differed from those of year-4 teachers participating in a similar PDP. The results show that expectancy-value theory can be used to explain both the schoolyear-7 teachers’ changes in practice, and why the PDP for the year-7 teachers produced different outcomes in teacher practice than the parallel PDP, with the same general design features, did for the year-4 teachers.