During the early 1900s, Ellen Key's ideas about pedagogy, feminism, and child rearing were influential in Spain, although Key herself never visited the country. This chapter demonstrates how Key's concept of collective motherliness was received and reformulated by Spanish intellectuals within two different interpretative communities. The first was the community of reform pedagogues of central Spain who introduced Ellen Key to a Spanish audience during the first two decades of the 20th century, and the second were the anarchist and sexual reformist communities centred on the east coast who continued to further Key's legacy in Spain during the 1920s and 1930s. This chapter focuses on works by two authors, each representing one of these communities of Key's interpreters – Carmen de Burgos (1867–1932) and Federica Montseny (1905–1994). The interpretation of these authors' texts in the light of Key's ideas of collective motherliness highlights differences in how the two communities furthered Key's ideas. The reform pedagogues focused more on collective values, such as women's education and patriarchal oppression in society, while the anarchists and sex reformers focused more on individual aspects, such as free love and personal development.