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Aims: A study was carried out of informed consent strategies in an epidemiological project approved by the regional research ethics committees in Sweden and China and conducted in three areas south-west of Shanghai.

Methods: All participants in the epidemiological project (EP) were included in the research ethical study ( RES), which was conducted as a questionnaire-based interview survey in the three areas. Answers were collected by five field interviewers.

Results: All participants included answered the questionnaire. Almost all perceived the information provided as rather good or quite good. However, a majority ( on average 76%) had the impression that the EP was part of routine healthcare measures, and not a research project. Almost all participants felt free to abstain from participation although 38% in area II stated that they had not been informed about freedom to abstain from participation. A large proportion of participants did not fully understand the nature of the EP. However, almost all participants stated that they would agree to participate in a similar study in the future.

Conclusion: Although informed consent procedures are supposed to be internationally applicable our study illustrates that it is not always easy to convey information and obtain consent in the present study setting.