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Mismatch repair deficiency in colorectal cancer: prognosis and prediction for basic treatment strategies
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)Alternative title
Defektive mismatch repair till patienter med kolrektal cancer (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant healthcare problem worldwide, being the third most common cancer and the fourth most frequent cause of cancer death. Environmental and dietary factors such as alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, and genetic predisposition seem to constitute the main aetiologies.

Two major distinct molecular genetic pathways have been recognised as models of transition from normal epithelium to adenoma and carcinoma. The first involves chromosomal instability (CIN) and the second involves microsatellite instability (MSI). The MSI pathway constitutes 2-4% of CRCs with a hereditary Mismatch Repair (MMR) defect (dMMR) and approximately 15% of sporadic MMR defects due to epigenetic silencing of the MutL homologue 1 (MLH1) promoter. Extracellular factors and spontaneous copy errors necessitate molecular systems to survey and repair human genetic information, and to protect it from chemical disruption. A complicated and entangled network of DNA damage response mechanisms, including multiple DNA repair pathways, damage tolerance processes, and cell cycle checkpoints safeguard genomic integrity. It has recently become apparent that key proteins contributing tocellular survival by taking part in DNA repair become executioners in the face of excess DNA damage. All prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms have major DNA repair pathways. In each of these DNA repair pathways there are key proteins that have dual functions in DNA damage sensing/repair and apoptosis, taking advantage of the fact that DNA is a double helix with the same information present on both strands. Damages that affect one strand can easily be repaired by excision and replacement with newly synthesised DNA using the complementary strand as a template. MMR plays a critical role in the repair of errors that occur spontaneously during DNA replication, such as single base mismatches. dMMR increases the mutation frequency in an affected cell by approximately 1000 times, leading to MSI through the accumulation of short repetitive DNA sequences called microsatellites. Carcinogenesis in dMMR cases can present as hereditary cases (Lynch syndrome) due to germline mutation inin one of the main MMR genes – MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 or somatic/sporadic cases (epigenetic silencing or somatic inactivation of MLH1promoter. dMMR seems to have a favourable prognosis as these CRCs seems to be less prone to metastasising. This phenomenon is much more obvious for tumour stages II and III, while in advanced disease dMMR seems to lose its positive prognostic effect. Even if the underlying mechanism is not fully understood, some studies attribute the positive effect of dMMR tumours to their increased immunogenicity leading to a stronger more effective immune response. On the other hand, the predictive value of the dMMR mechanism isless well understood and has only gained attention in recent years. In general, dMMR seems to predict a poor response to 5-FU, the basis of gastrointestinal chemotherapy.

The aims of this thesis were: 1. To review the latest publications on the role of MSI status as prognostic factor in stage II colon cancer (CC) patients (Study I); 2. To validate MMR status as a prognostic factor in patients with CC Stage II (Study II); 3. To verify MMR status as a predictive factor in relation to the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II CC (Study III); 4. To investigate the potential role of MMR status as a risk factor for acute CC surgery (Study IV); and finally 5. To investigate the association between CRC with sporadic dMMR and non-colorectal malignancy (Study V).

Study I, a meta-analysis reviewing recently published papers, revealed that MSI status in stage II CC patients does not seem to affect overall survival (OS)and disease-free survival (DFS). This lack of impact could be explained by selection bias and the extremely high proportion of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy in the studies included. This was the first meta-analysis specifically evaluating patients with colon cancer stage II. The optimal treatment algorithm for these patients remains unclear, and approximately 20% experience relapse and finally die from disseminated disease.

Study II verified the prognostic role of MMR status in patients with stage II CC. Patients with a dMMR tumour have a significantly lower risk for cancer recurrence, a finding that is particularly important for CC treatment. This relationship does not correlate to a better OS since these patients are older and often die from other causes. Debate on the best postoperative strategy in stage II CC continues. What this study contributes is the idea that determination of MMR status can have prognostic value in these patients.

Study III also verified the predictive role of MMR status in patients with stageII CC, only this time in relation to treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with proficient MMR (pMMR) status receiving adjuvant chemotherapy have a significantly better OS than those not receiving adjuvant treatment. This relationship was not seen in patients with a dMMR tumour. Furthermore, patients with a pMMR tumour receiving adjuvant treatment have a significantly longer survival time after the first relapse compared to those not receiving adjuvant treatment.

Study IV revealed the higher probability of dMMR tumours to present as a surgical emergency. Stage III and IV tumours were also associated with acute surgery. This association was significant regardless of the potential bias due toretrospective methodology and possible heterogeneity between the differentcohorts. Further research is required before our conclusions can be applied in clinical practice due to the multicomplex relationship and interactions between variables that influence the oncologic outcome of acute CC surgery.

Study V revealed that patients with sporadic, non-hereditary dMMR CRC run a greater risk for having non-colorectal cancer prior to or after the diagnosis ofCRC. This implies that patients with a dMMR tumour should be screened for other non-colorectal cancer, more so than in the the general population.

Conclusion: CRC continues to be a significant healthcare problem worldwide, and treatment algorithms for patients with different genomic backgrounds can vary significantly. This thesis supports the idea of using MMR status as a prognostic and predictive factor in everyday clinical practice, especially in stage II CC and acute cases.

Abstract [sv]

Kolorektalcancer (CRC) utgör, som den tredje vanligaste cancerformen och den fjärde vanligaste orsaken till cancerdöd, fortfarande ett viktigt hälsoproblem över hela världen. Defekt Mismatch repair system (dMMR) är genom felaktig DNAreparation en av de viktigaste orsakerna till utveckling av CRC. Mismatch repair (MMR) spelar en avgörande roll vid reparation av fel som uppträder spontant under DNA-replikation såsom enkla basmatchningar, korta insertioner eller deletioner. dMMR ökar mutationsfrekvensen i en drabbad cell cirka 1000 gånger, vilket leder till mikrosatellit-instabilitet (MSI) genom ackumulering av korta repetitiva DNA-sekvenser som kallas mikrosatelliter. Tumörer med dMMR karakteriseras av hög mutationshastighet vilket leder till förekomst av neoantigener på cellmembranet. Detta möjliggör för kroppens immunsystem att utveckla ett effektivt immunologiskt svar. Upptäckten av dMMR är grunden förnya behandlingar vilka kan påverka immunologiska kontrollpunkter. dMMR förekommer i cirka 20 % av all CRC och utgörs dels av en ärftlig typ, som finns hos familjer med Lynch syndrom eller Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), och en sporadisk typ utan ärftlighet. För närvarande finns huvudsakligen två metoder för att fastställa MMR-status. Den första och mest använda bygger på Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) som kan utföras på färsk, fryst eller paraffinbäddad tumörvävnad. Analysen bygger på en granskning av fem definierade mikrosatellite markörer. Dessa markörer har valts ut vid en konsensuskonferens i Bethesda (1997). MSI graderas som MSI high (MSI-H) där två eller flera av markörerna identifieras, MSI low (MSI-L) om en markör identifieras och stabil (MSS) om ingen av dessa markörer återfinns. Graderingen MSI-L och MSS slås ofta samman till en grupp, det vill säga stabila tumörer. Den andra metoden utgörs av immunohistokemi (IHC) där man använder monoklonala antikroppar mot fyra riktade proteiner (MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, MSH6). Idag används IHC oftare då denna teknik är enklare och billigare. Flera publicerade studier med syfte att jämföra dessa båda metoder har påvisat sammstämighet i mer än 94 % av tumörerna.

Avhandlingen undersöker följande aspekter av MMR status vid kolorektal cancer:

  • Betydelsen i de senast publicerade studierna av MSI-status somprognostisk faktor för patienter med CC stadium II (studie I).
  • Möjligheten att MMR-status utgör en signifikant prognostisk faktor förpatienter med CC stadium II (studie II).
  • Möjligheten att MMR-status utgör en signifikant prediktiv faktor förpatienter med CC stadium II som behandlas med adjuvant kemoterapi(studie III).
  • Möjligheten att dMMR-status utgör en riskfaktor för behov av akutkirurgi vid CC (studie IV).
  • Möjligheten att sporadiska tumörer med dMMR-status löper en högrerisk för utvecklingen av andra cancertyper före eller efter CRC (studieV).

Resultat och diskussion:

Delarbete 1: I denna meta-analys utgjordes 20.8% av CC i stadium II av MSI/dMMR. Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad i total överlevnad (OS) mellan MSI/dMMR och MSS/pMMR grupperna. Hazard ratio (HR) för OS var 0.73 (95% konfidenceintervall (CI); 0.33-1.65). Sjukdomsfri överlevnad (DFS) för ovanstående grupper uppvisade inte heller någon signifikant skillnad. HR för DFS var 0.60 (95% CI; 0.27-1.32). Ingen signifikant skillnad identifierades heller när studier som använde genotypning (MG) eller IHC testades separat (MG vs IHC: HR OS 0.45,95% CI; 0.10-2.05 vs 0.95, 95%CI; 0.57-1.58. HR DFS 0.51, 95% CI: 0.14-1.85 vs. 0.67, 95% CI 0.26-1.70). I 8 av 19 studier ingick även fall av rektalcancer och i 3 av dessa var andelen rektalcancer inte angiven. Vid analys av studier inkluderande endast koloncancerpatienter var HR för OS 0.72 (95% CI: 0.31-1.71); och HR för DFS 0.60 (95% CI: 0.27-1.31).

Vår metaanalys, den första som endast utvärderar patienter med CC stadium II, påvisades inget signifikant samband mellan MSI/dMMR och OS eller DFS.Huvudorsaken till resultatet är de motstridiga resultat som studierna presenterar. Dessutom har vi i metaanalysen upptäckt att 47.3% av patienterna fått adjuvant kemoterapi, jämfört med cirka 25% som numera behandlas i modern onkologisk kontext. Detta resulterar i en dubbelt så lång överlevnad igruppen med MSS/pMMR jämfört med MSI/dMMR. Den senare gruppen har betydlig sämre respons på klassisk kemoterapi.

Delarbete 2: I denna retrospektiva studie fanns 93 dMMR fall bland 452koloncancerfall (20.6%). Det förelåg inget signifikant samband mellan dMMR och OS (Log-Rank, p=0·583, 95% CI 0.76 – 1.67). Däremot konstaterades en höggradigt signifikant skillnad för tid till progress (TTP) med halverad hazard ratio för dMMR (TTP: HR 0·50, 95% CI 0.28 – 0.87, p = 0·012). Således har dessa patienter en betydligt mindre risk för återfall och cancerrelaterad död. Detta fynd korrelerar inte med bättre OS. En trolig förklaring är att koloncancer i detta stadium har en generellt god prognos efter kirurgi. I och med att dMMR-patienter är äldre än de med pMMR drabbas de oftare av andra dödsorsaker än cancerrelaterade. TTP-analys visar att dMMR-status utgör en prognostisk faktor avseende återfall och koloncancerrelaterade dödsfall för patienter med koloncancer stadium II. Som en följd av detta bör MMR-status användas i klinisk xiiipraxis som grund för beslut om adjuvant terapi, även om de flesta studier visar att vikten av MMR-status påverkas även av andra faktorer.

Delarbete 3: I denna retrospektiva multicenterstudie som inkluderar 451 patienter med CC stadium II förelåg dMMR i 20.4%. Denna patientgrupp fick ingen överlevnadsvinst av adjuvant kemoterapi (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.47-2.38, p=0.897). Å andra sidan visade sig patienter med pMMR-status som fått adjuvant kemoterapi ha en signifikant bättre OS jämfört med de som endast behandlades med kirurgi (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.35-0.82, p=0.004). Detta förhållande bibehöllsvid multivariabel analys (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22-0.78, p=0.007). Patienter tillhörande pMMR gruppen som drabbades av återfall efter adjuvant kemoterapi hade en signifikant bättre överlevnad jämfört med de som inte fick adjuvant postoperativ behandling (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.96, p=0.033). Detta varsignifikant även i den multivariabla modellen (HR 0.49; 95% CI 0.26-0.93, p=0.030). Fynden är mycket intressanta gällande beslut om behandlingsstrategi för CC stadium II, då de visar en tydlig relation mellan MMR-status och respons på adjuvant kemoterapi.

Delarbete 4: I denna retrospektiva multicenterstudie som inkluderar 870 koloncancer-patienter från tre olika länder (Sverige, Finland och Tjeckien) var 399 patienter kvinnor (46%), medianålder vid kirurgi var 69 år och dMMR status förelåg hos 190 patienter (22%). Akut kirurgi, dvs kirurgi vid samma vårdtillfällesom när CC diagnosen ställdes, genomfördes hos 179 patienter (21%). dMMR status förelåg i 57 fall (32%) (p=0.001). Patienterna delades in i en skandinavisk undersökningsgrupp (Sverige och Finland) som inkluderade 412 patienter och en tjeckisk valideringsgrupp som utgjordes av 458 patienter. I den skandinaviska gruppen förelåg ett signifikant samband mellan dMMR-status och akut kirurgi i såväl uni- (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.82, 95% CI 1.11-3.02, p=0.017) som multivariabel (OR=2.21, 95% CI 1.28-3.95, p=0.005) analys. Detta samband bekräftades i den tjeckiska valideringsgruppen vid såväl uni- (OR=1.94, 95% CI 1.09-3.26, p=0.022) som multivariabel (OR=1.77, 95% CI 1.15-3.18, p=0.021) analys. Dessa fynd är intressanta då det rör sig om variabler som påverkar utfallet vid akut insjuknande i CC.

Delarbete 5: I denna retrospektiva multicenterstudie som inkluderar 1753 CRCpatienter från tre olika länder (Sverige, Finland och Tjeckien) var 838 patienter kvinnor (48%), medianåldern vid kirurgi var 67 år och sporadisk dMMR status förelåg hos 236 patienter (13%). Av dessa hade 327 patienter (19%) diagnostiserats med minst en annan icke-kolorektal malignitet innan eller efterdiagnosen av CRC. Det förelåg ett signifikant högre incidence rate ratio (IRR) för förekomst av icke kolorektal malignitet 20 år innan och efter (fram till stoppdatum för uppföljning) debuten av CRC, såväl i den uni- (IRR=1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.92, p=0.009) som i den multivariabla (IRR=1.46, 95% CI 1.09-1.95, xivp=0.011) modellen för patienter med sporadiska dMMR jämfört med pMMR fall. Detta fenomen var ännu mer uppenbart för icke kolorektal malignitet som uppträdde efter den primära diagnosen för CRC både i den uni- (IRR=1.64, 95% CI 1.15-2.36, p=0.007) och multivariabla (IRR=1.61, 95% CI 1.10-2.35, p=0.014) modellen. Dessa fynd behöver verifieras men skulle kunna vara betydelsefulla vid utformning av framtida uppföljningsprogram vid CRC riktad mot patienter med icke ärftlig dMMR tumör.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Umeå University , 2021. , p. 62
Series
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 2124
Keywords [en]
colorectal cancer, defective mismatch repair, prognosis and prediction
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Research subject
Oncology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183104ISBN: 978-91-7855-498-0 (print)ISBN: 978-91-7855-499-7 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-183104DiVA, id: diva2:1554838
Public defence
2021-06-11, Betula, Byggnad 6 M plan 0, Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Cancer SocietyAvailable from: 2021-05-21 Created: 2021-05-17 Last updated: 2021-09-29Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Microsatellite instability as a prognostic factor in stage II colon cancer patients: a meta-analysis of published literature
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Microsatellite instability as a prognostic factor in stage II colon cancer patients: a meta-analysis of published literature
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2017 (English)In: Anticancer Research, ISSN 0250-7005, E-ISSN 1791-7530, Vol. 37, no 12, p. 6563-6574Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND/AIM: The prognostic role of microsatellite instability (MSI) in stage II colon cancer patients remains controversial despite the fact that it has been investigated in a number of studies. Hazard ratios differ considerably among these studies. We performed a meta-analysis to define the significance of MSI in this group of patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies indexed in PubMed presenting separate data on MSI status and survival outcomes for stage II colon cancer patients have been analyzed using fixed-effect meta-analysis of hazard ratio (HR) according to the method of Peto.

RESULTS: Analysis was performed on 19 studies including 5,998 patients. A 47.3% of patients received postoperative chemotherapy and included 52.8% males and 47.2% females. Eight studies included some rectal cancer patients although this cohort was not clearly defined in 3 of these. MSI observed in 20.8% (mean) of patients (median 19.9%). HR for overall survival (OS) of MSI vs. microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors for the entire population: 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.33-1.65); HR for disease-free survival (DFS):0.60 (95%CI=0.27-1.32). No statistical significant difference was found when studies analyzing MSI with genotyping (MG) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were compared separately (MG vs. IHC: HR OS 0.45, 95%CI=0.10-2.05 vs. 0.95, 95%CI=0.57-1.58; HR DFS 0.51, 95%CI=0.14-1.85 vs. 0.67, 95%CI=0.26-1.70). However, numerically MSI determination with genotyping shows significantly lower hazard ratios for both DFS and OS. Separate analysis of studies describing colon cancer patients only showed HR OS 0.72 (95%CI=0.31-1.71); HR DFS 0.60 (95%CI=0.27-1.31).

CONCLUSION: No significant relation was found between MSI status and OS or DFS. Routine determination of MSI status to guide postoperative management of stage II colon cancer patients cannot be recommended. New large scale high quality studies are needed to answer this question definitively, since currently analyzed studies vary considerably.

Keywords
Colon cancer, meta-analysis, microsatellite instability, predictive factor, prognostic factor, systematic review
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-142558 (URN)10.21873/anticanres.12113 (DOI)000417022100008 ()29187431 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85038129708 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2017-12-05 Created: 2017-12-05 Last updated: 2023-03-23Bibliographically approved
2. Deficient mismatch repair as a prognostic marker in stage II colon cancer patients
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Deficient mismatch repair as a prognostic marker in stage II colon cancer patients
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2019 (English)In: European Journal of Surgical Oncology, ISSN 0748-7983, E-ISSN 1532-2157, Vol. 45, no 10, p. 1854-1861Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: A number of reports have evaluated the relationship between deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) and colorectal cancer prognosis. Unfortunately, the exact prognostic role of dMMR has not been clearly established due to contradictory results. This study aims to determine the prognostic impact of dMRR in stage II colon cancer patients only. The appropriate identification of high-risk stage II colon cancers is of paramount importance in the selection of patients who may benefit from adjuvant treatment after surgery.

METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-two patients with curative resection of stage II colon cancer were included. Hospital records were used as data source, providing clinical, surgical, pathology, oncology and follow-up information for statistical analysis focusing on overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP). Mismatch repair status was determined by immunohistochemistry. Patient survival was followed-up for a mean of 77·35 months.

RESULTS: dMMR was detected in 93 of 452 patients (20·6%). No impact on overall survival (Log-Rank, p = 0·583, 95% CI 0·76-1·67). However, the hazard ratio 0·50 for TTP was highly significant (Log-Rank, p = 0·012, 95% CI 0·28-0·87) in patients with dMMR compared with those with mismatch repair proficient tumours (pMMR).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dMMR tumours have a lower risk for recurrence compared to those with pMMR tumours, but this finding did not correlate to better overall survival.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019
Keywords
Colon cancer, Prognostic factors, Stage II, dMMR
National Category
Surgery
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161631 (URN)10.1016/j.ejso.2019.05.023 (DOI)000491301600016 ()31186203 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85066955109 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Cancerforskningsfonden i NorrlandVisare Norr
Available from: 2019-11-13 Created: 2019-11-13 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
3. Mismatch repair status predicts survival after adjuvant treatment in stage II colon cancer patients.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mismatch repair status predicts survival after adjuvant treatment in stage II colon cancer patients.
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2020 (English)In: Journal of Surgical Oncology, ISSN 0022-4790, E-ISSN 1096-9098, Vol. 121, no 2, p. 392-401Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stage II colon cancer is primarily a surgical disease. Only a still not well-defined subset of patients may benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The relationship between adjuvant chemotherapy and survival after relapse is furthermore still not definitely explored in this group of patients. A number of reports suggest some association between defective mismatch repair (dMMR) and colorectal cancer stage II prognosis, but due to contradictory results from existing studies, the exact predictive role is still not fully understood.

METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study including 451 stage II colon cancer patients. The proficiency or deficiency of mismatch repair was tested using immunohistochemistry and analyzed in relationship to two survival outcomes: overall survival (OS) and postrelapse survival.

RESULTS: Patients with dMMR (20.4%) derived no OS benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-2.38; P = .897). Patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) tumors receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had the significantly better OS in comparison to those not receiving chemotherapy (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35-0.82; P = .004). This relationship remained significant in multivariable analysis (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22-0.78; P = .007). Patients with pMMR relapsing after adjuvant treatment lived significantly longer than those relapsing without previous adjuvant treatment (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.96; P = .033) and this result remained significant in the multivariable model (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26-0.93; P = .030).

CONCLUSION: In stage II CC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy improves therapeutic outcomes only in patients with pMMR tumors. Survival after relapse in patients having received adjuvant chemotherapy is significantly longer for patients with pMMR. No survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy was seen among patients with dMMR tumors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2020
Keywords
adjuvant, cancer, chemotherapy, colon, dMMR
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-166376 (URN)10.1002/jso.25798 (DOI)000502048200001 ()31828810 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85076439517 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Cancerforskningsfonden i NorrlandVisare Norr
Note

This investigation was also supported by grants from the Nordic Cancer Union (NCU).

Available from: 2019-12-17 Created: 2019-12-17 Last updated: 2022-04-13Bibliographically approved
4. Colon cancer patients with mismatch repair deficiency are more likely to present as acute surgical cases
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Colon cancer patients with mismatch repair deficiency are more likely to present as acute surgical cases
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2021 (English)In: European Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0959-8049, E-ISSN 1879-0852, Vol. 157, p. 1-9Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: The effect of the genetic imprint on the emergency presentation of colon cancer remains unclear. The disparity between tumours evolving along different carcinogenetic pathways has not been studied systematically. This retrospective multicenter cohort study evaluates the association between mismatch repair status and the risk for acute surgery of colon cancer.

Patients and methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study including in total 870 patients from three different countries. Scandinavian cohort (Finland and Sweden), including a total of 412 patients operated between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2010, was validated against a cohort from the Czech Republic, including a total of 458 patients, operated between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The proficiency or deficiency of mismatch repair was determined by immunohistochemistry. Primary outcome was the risk for acute colon cancer surgery given as the Odds Ratio (OR) in the univariable and multivariable analyses. Acute colon cancer surgery was defined as surgery performed during the same hospital admission as when the diagnosis of colon cancer was made.

Results: Of the 870 patients (399 females [46%]) included in the analyses, median age at surgery was 69 [interquartile range, 61–76] years, deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR) status was found in 190 patients (22%), and 179 patients (21%) underwent acute surgery during the same hospital admission as when the diagnosis of colon cancer was made. In the Scandinavian cohort, a significant association between dMMR status and acute surgery was seen in both the univariable (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.11–3.02, P = 0.017) and the multivariable (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.28–3.95, P = 0.005) analyses. This was confirmed in the Czech validation cohort in both the univariable (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.09–3.26, P = 0.022) and the multivariable (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.15–3.18, P = 0.021) analyses.

Conclusion: This multicenter study reveals a strong association between acute colon cancer surgery and dMMR tumour status.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2021
Keywords
Colon cancer, Deficient mismatch repair system, High-risk acute surgery
National Category
Surgery Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187187 (URN)10.1016/j.ejca.2021.07.027 (DOI)000701900000001 ()34461577 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85113741928 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-09-13 Created: 2021-09-13 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
5. Higher incidence for sporadic deficient mismatch repair tumours in the colorectum and non-colorectal malignancies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Higher incidence for sporadic deficient mismatch repair tumours in the colorectum and non-colorectal malignancies
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183109 (URN)
Available from: 2021-05-17 Created: 2021-05-17 Last updated: 2021-05-17

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Gkekas, Ioannis

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Gkekas, Ioannis
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Department of Medical BiosciencesSurgery
Cancer and Oncology

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