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Arbovirus surveillance in febrile patients attending selected health facilities in Rwanda
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Teaching Coordination and Quality Assurance Department, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda.
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi.
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi.
Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Vise andre og tillknytning
2024 (engelsk)Inngår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, E-ISSN 2000-8686, Vol. 14, nr 1, artikkel-id 2289872Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses cause emerging diseases that affect the livelihoods of people around the world. They are linked to disease outbreaks resulting in high morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. In sub-Saharan Africa, numerous arbovirus outbreaks have been documented, but the circulation and magnitude of illness caused by these viruses during inter-epidemic periods remains unknown in many regions. In Rwanda, there is limited knowledge on the presence and distribution of arboviruses. This study aimed at determining the occurrence and distribution of selected arboviruses, i.e., chikungunya virus (CHIKV), o’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), among febrile patients visiting health centres in Rwanda. A total of 2294 dry blood spots (DBS) were collected on filter papers during August 2019 – December 2020. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on samples in pools of ten, using both quantitative (DENV, ZIKV, RVFV) and conventional PCR (CHIKV, ONNV, WNV, CCHFV) with virus specific primers, followed by sequencing. Demographic data and clinical manifestations of illness were analysed. ONNV infection was detected in 12 of 230 pools (5.2%) and ZIKV in three pools (1.3%). The other arboviruses were not detected. All ONNV cases were found in the Rwaniro health centre, while ZIKV infection was found among patients visiting the Kirinda and Zaza health centres. There was temporal variability in ONNV infections with most cases being recorded during the long dry season, while ZIKV infection occurred during both dry and wet seasons. Patients with ONNV were older and more were females. In conclusion, ONNV and ZIKV infection were detected in acute patients and can explain some of the feverish diseases in Rwanda.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Taylor & Francis, 2024. Vol. 14, nr 1, artikkel-id 2289872
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
folkhälsa; mikrobiologi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-190543DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2023.2289872Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85180412250OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-190543DiVA, id: diva2:1621304
Forskningsfinansiär
Sida - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 51160027-04Sida - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 51160059-10Swedish Research Council, 2019-04366Swedish Research Council, 2017-05607
Merknad

Originally included in thesis in manuscript form. 

Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-12-17 Laget: 2021-12-17 Sist oppdatert: 2024-07-04bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Quality of clinical laboratory services in Rwanda
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Quality of clinical laboratory services in Rwanda
2022 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Alternativ tittel[sv]
Kvaliteten på kliniska laboratorietjänster i Rwanda
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Poor quality health care is a serious silent public health problem worldwide, resulting in deaths, disabilities and long hospital stays with unnecessary costs. It affects patients in all countries regardless of their level of development. Estimations show that 64 million disability-adjusted life years are lost yearly worldwide due to unsafe health care, and this phenomenon is one of the top 10 causes of mortality and disability in the world. Four out of 10 patients are harmed while getting health care in primary and outpatient health care services. Most of this unsafe care is due to errors in diagnosis, prescriptions and use of medicines. Better management of patients could be accomplished with clearer diagnostics. Clinical laboratories play a central role in the quality of health care when they provide accurate and reliable test results for timely and evidence-based diagnostic for management of patients, surveillance and control of diseases. The aim of this dissertation was to study the quality of clinical laboratory services in Rwanda to contribute to the health care quality in Rwanda and other similar settings.

Methods: This dissertation is built on studies that used mainly primary data collected at five clinical referral laboratories and related hospitals (Papers I–III). To assess the quality performance of laboratories, the World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise Laboratory Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) checklist was used to score laboratories and to analyse the trend in quality performance (Paper I). The factors explaining the status of quality performance of laboratories were explored by using qualitative data, namely key informant interviews with thematic analysis (Paper II). Physicians’ satisfaction with laboratory services was assessed by using a structured questionnaire with a Likert scale and an open-ended question. All eligible physicians from four referral hospitals (N = 507) were invited to participate in the study (Paper III) and 91% provided their feedback. Descriptive statistics and ordered logistic regression were performed and qualitative data were analysed with a thematic approach. To identify pathogenic viruses circulating in Rwanda with no available diagnosis, we sampled 11 health centres for febrile patients with acute infections whose malaria test result was negative (n = 2313). Selected arboviruses were analysed from blood samples by using polymerase chain reaction (Paper IV).

Results and Discussion: In 2017, only one referral laboratory scored at the highest level, five stars, which was an increase from four stars in 2012. The other four laboratories had decreased in quality performance. The factors explaining this decrease were mainly insufficient coordination to ensure continuous quality improvement as well as lack of mentorship and regular external assessment of laboratory to identify and address gaps. Only 36% of physicians were satisfied with laboratory services in referral hospitals. Seventy per cent were satisfied with the reliability of test results, while only 19% were satisfied with the turnaround time, and improved virus diagnostics was sought. In general, paediatricians, internists and more experienced physicians were less satisfied. Over 2000 samples from acute, febrile patients were sampled in 11 health centres from different provinces of Rwanda and are now stored in a unique biobank for future analysis. The results so far show that o’nyong-nyong and Zika viruses are circulating in Rwanda.

Conclusion: Despite the improvement in quality performance with the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programme, most laboratories showed decreased performance in their follow-up assessments compared with their exit assessment. Resuming external assessments as well as investing in leadership and planning would lead to high-quality laboratory performance, even reaching international accreditation. For sustainability, the SLMTA programme should be institutionalised, the laboratory quality management system should be integrated into the education of laboratory staff and in continuous professional development training. Extended diagnostics for infectious diseases should be considered. The achievement of quality health care, universal health coverage and global health security are not possible without quality laboratory services that guide the pathway through accurate and reliable tests results.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Umeå: Umeå University, 2022. s. 79
Serie
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 2163
Emneord
Quality of healthcare, SLMTA, laboratory, diagnostic, Quality management system, Rwanda
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
folkhälsa
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-190649 (URN)978-91-7855-699-1 (ISBN)978-91-7855-700-4 (ISBN)
Disputas
2022-01-27, Triple Helix, Universitetsledningshuset, Umeå, 09:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-01-07 Laget: 2021-12-20 Sist oppdatert: 2022-01-19bibliografisk kontrollert

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Rusanganwa, VincentLwande, Olivia W.Bainda, BrendaBucht, GöranEvander, Magnus

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