This chapter provides an analysis of persons who receive medicalized early retirement pensions. This program is by far the most significant in terms of early retirement in both countries. The chapter deals with the situation in Norway, continue with a brief sketch of the Swedish pattern and describes the main differences and similarities between the countries. In Norway, 80 percent of the working early retirees are participating on a full-year basis, and the average number of hours per week amounts to 27, which is four-fifths of the average number of hours per week among the non-retired part of the population. Some commentators who are worried about the future of work have suggested that the whole concept of paid work be abolished. They argue that the concept of work should include all activities that could be considered necessary to maintain societal institutions.