Notwithstanding the importance of fossil fuels, increasing environmental concerns are gradually shifting the focus to natural gas due to its environmental advantages. This chapter discusses contributions of the natural gas sector in emerging and developing countries (EDCs) and the hindrances encountered. The key findings are that natural gas (NG) reserves in EDCs have potential to promote growth and that exports of NG contribute significantly to revenue and employment generation. Thus, policy measures should be designed to help to create forward and backward linkages in the NG sector in EDCs. Again, EDCs should continue to use a fiscal partnership regime and the adoption of a sovereign wealth fund approach for sustainable management of natural gas resources.