Umeå University's logo

umu.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Upper limit of the solar wind protons backscattering efficiency from Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden.
Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden.
Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden.
2024 (English)In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 683, article id A245Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Context. Solar wind ions backscattering is a fundamental plasma-surface interaction process that may occur on all celestial bodies exposed to the solar wind and lacking a significant atmosphere or magnetosphere. Yet, observations have been limited to the regolith-covered Moon and Phobos, one of the Martian moons.

Aims. We aim to expand our knowledge of the process to include comets by investigating the backscattering of solar wind protons from the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Methods. We used one of the ion spectrometers on board ESA s Rosetta spacecraft to search for evidence of backscattered solar wind protons from the cometary surface. The signal of interest was expected to be very weak and several statistical treatments of the data were essential to eliminate any influence from background noise and instrumental effects. Due to limited knowledge of the signal location within the observed parameter space, we conducted a statistical analysis to identify the most probable conditions for detecting the signal.

Results. No significant solar wind backscattered protons were ever observed by the instrument. The statement applies to the large spectrum of observation conditions. An upper limit of the backscattered proton flux is given, as well as an upper limit of the backscattering efficiency of 9 A 104.

Conclusions. The surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko distinguishes itself as a notably weak reflector of solar wind protons, with its backscattering efficiency, at most, as large as the lowest observed backscattering efficiency from the lunar regolith.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
EDP Sciences, 2024. Vol. 683, article id A245
Keywords [en]
Comets: general, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Methods: statistical, Plasmas, Scattering, Space vehicles: instruments
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-223085DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202348684ISI: 001194923400005Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85189094357OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-223085DiVA, id: diva2:1851232
Available from: 2024-04-12 Created: 2024-04-12 Last updated: 2026-02-20Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Observing solar wind interacting with regolith
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Observing solar wind interacting with regolith
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Observationer av solvindens växelverkan med regolit
Abstract [en]

This thesis aims to deepen our understanding of regolith – the layer of unconsolidated solid material that covers the bedrock of planetary bodies. For airless bodies, regolith forms the primary interface between the body and the energy and matter that permeate the solar system. One way to investigate regolith is by studying the products of its interactions with incident atomic particles. We develop a physical model of these interactions, derive observational predictions, and test them against measurements in order to evaluate and refine the model. As new data become available, this iterative, model-driven approach progressively constrains our knowledge of the physical properties of regolith.

To validate or refute such models, measurements of particles emitted from regolith are required. We addressed this need by developing a dedicated particle instrument, calibrating it, and deploying it on the lunar surface, where it directly measured particles emitted from lunar regolith. When exposed to precipitating ions and photons, lunar regolith responds by anisotropically emitting a zoo of particles spanning multiple charge states, species,and energies. The instrument was specifically designed to detect negatively charged ions emitted from the surface. It successfully performed this measurement and produced valuable observational data which, when interpreted through predictive modelling, indicate that lunar regolith is a surprisinglyefficient emitter of negative ions.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling syftar till att fördjupa vår förståelse av regolit – det lager av löst sammanfogat material som täcker berggrunden på vissa himlakroppar. För luftlösa kroppar utgör regolit det primära gränssnittet mellan kroppen och den energi och materia som flödar genom solsystemet. Ett sätt att undersöka regolit är att studera produkterna av dess växelverkan med inkommande atomära partiklar. Vi utvecklar en fysikalisk modell av dessa interaktioner, härleder förutsägelser av observationer och testar dem mot mätningar för att utvärdera och förfina modellen. Allteftersom nya data blir tillgängliga avgränsar denna iterativa, modelldrivna metod successivt vår kunskap om regolitens fysikaliska egenskaper. För att validera eller motbevisa sådana modeller krävs mätningar av partiklar som avges från regolit. Vi tillgodosåg detta behov genom att utvecklaett specialiserat partikelinstrument, kalibrera det och placera det på månens yta, där det direkt mätte partiklar som avgavs från månregolit. När månregolit utsätts för inkommande joner och fotoner reagerar det genom att anisotropiskt avge en mängd olika sorters partiklar med flera laddningstillstånd och energier. Instrumentet var specifikt utformat för att detektera negativt laddade joner som avges från ytan. Det utförde framgångsrikt denna mätning och producerade värdefulla observationsdata som, när de tolkas genom prediktiv modellering, indikerar att månregolit är en överraskande effektiv källa av negativa joner.

Abstract [fr]

Cette thèse vise à approfondir notre compréhension du régolithe – la couche de matériau solide non consolidé qui recouvre le substrat rocheux des corps planétaires. Pour les corps dépourvus d’atmosphère, le régolithe constitue l’interface principale entre le corps et l’énergie ainsi que la matière qui imprègnent le système solaire. Une manière d’étudier le régolithe consiste à étudier les produits de ses interactions lorsqu’il est exposé à des particules. Nous développons un modèle physique de ces interactions, en dérivons des prédictions observationnelles, puis les confrontons aux mesures afin d’évaluer et d’affiner le modèle. À mesure que de nouvelles données deviennent disponibles, cette approche itérative permet de contraindre progressivement notre connaissance des propriétés physiques du régolithe.

Pour valider ou réfuter de tels modèles, des mesures des particules émises par le régolithe sont nécessaires. Nous avons répondu à ce besoin en développant un instrument dédié à la détection de particules, en le calibrant, puis en le déployant à la surface lunaire, où il a mesuré directement les particules émises par le régolithe lunaire. Lorsqu’il est exposé à des ions ou des photons, le régolithe lunaire réagit en émettant de manière anisotrope une grande diversité de particules couvrant plusieurs états de charge, espèces et énergies. L’instrument a été spécifiquement conçu pour détecter les ions négatifs émis depuis la surface. Il a accompli cette mesure avec succès et produit des données observationnelles précieuses qui, interprétées à l’aide de la modélisation prédictive, indiquent que le régolithe lunaire est un émetteur d’ions négatifs étonnamment efficace.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Umeå University, 2026. p. 48
Series
IRF Scientific Report, ISSN 0284-1703 ; 320
Keywords
Particle instrument, solar wind, particle-surface interactions, geometric factor, Bayesian statistics, inference, lunar regolith, cometary regolith, Chang'e-6
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-250126 (URN)978-91-8070-943-9 (ISBN)978-91-8070-944-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-03-23, Ljusårssalen (Aula), IRF Kiruna, Bengt Hultqvists väg 1, Kiruna, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-03-02 Created: 2026-02-20 Last updated: 2026-02-23Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(1306 kB)86 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 1306 kBChecksum SHA-512
67ecb7839d44b6f7021d870c98c80be1ed91e64733dd71a3f6666df19863498c3ce1c95da5a620c59114f7360da23119b3e38af32f55c6f3f6b424b3c188eb1d
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Canu Blot, Romain

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Canu Blot, Romain
By organisation
Department of Physics
In the same journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy, Astrophysics and CosmologyFusion, Plasma and Space Physics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 86 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 495 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf