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CpG island methylator phenotype classification improves risk assessment in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9395-2216
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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2025 (English)In: Blood, ISSN 0006-4971, E-ISSN 1528-0020, Vol. 145, no 19, p. 2161-2178Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Current intensive treatment of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has substantial side effects, highlighting a need for novel biomarkers to improve risk stratification. Canonical biomarkers, such as genetics and immunophenotype, are largely not used in pediatric T-ALL stratification. This study aimed to validate the prognostic relevance of DNA methylation CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) risk stratification in 2 pediatric T-ALL patient cohorts: the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology (NOPHO) ALL2008 T-ALL study cohort (n = 192) and the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG) ALL-10/ALL-11 validation cohorts (n = 156). Both cohorts revealed that combining CIMP classification at diagnosis with measurable residual disease (MRD) at treatment day 29 (D29) or 33 (D33) significantly improved outcome prediction. The poor prognosis subgroup, characterized by CIMP low/D29 or D33 MRD ≥ 0.1%, had a cumulative incidence of relapse (pCIR5yr) of 29% and 23% and overall survival (pOS5yr) of 59.7% and 65.4%, in NOPHO and DCOG, respectively. Conversely, a good prognosis subgroup was also identified representing CIMP high/D29 or D33 MRD < 0.1% with pCIR5yr of 0% and 3.4% and pOS5yr of 98.2% and 94.8%, in NOPHO and DCOG, respectively. For NOPHO, MRD was also evaluated on D15, and the relapse prediction accuracy of CIMP/D29 MRD (0.79) and CIMP/D15 MRD (0.75) classification was comparable, indicating potential for earlier stratification. The evaluation of the biology behind the CIMP subgroups revealed associations with transcriptome profiles, genomic aberrations, and mitotic history, suggesting distinct routes for leukemia development. In conclusion, integrating MRD assessment with the novel CIMP biomarker has the potential to improve risk stratification in pediatric T-ALL and guide future therapeutic decisions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. Vol. 145, no 19, p. 2161-2178
Keywords [en]
T-ALL, DNA methylation, multi-omics, prognosis, MRD, CIMP
National Category
Hematology Pediatrics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-236478DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024026027ISI: 001490844900005PubMedID: 39841000Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85219558253OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-236478DiVA, id: diva2:1945735
Funder
Swedish Childhood Cancer FoundationSwedish Cancer SocietyCancerforskningsfonden i NorrlandThe Kempe FoundationsUmeå UniversityRegion VästerbottenAvailable from: 2025-03-19 Created: 2025-03-19 Last updated: 2026-03-12Bibliographically approved

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Schäfer Hackenhaar, FernandaRefhagen, NinaLandfors, MattiasOsterman, PiaNorén-Nyström, UlrikaHultdin, MagnusDegerman, Sofie

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Schäfer Hackenhaar, FernandaRefhagen, NinaLandfors, MattiasOsterman, PiaNorén-Nyström, UlrikaHultdin, MagnusDegerman, Sofie
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PathologyDepartment of Clinical MicrobiologyPaediatrics
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