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Sambandet mellan empati och psykisk hälsa
Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
2025 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

Empathy has long been regarded as a central component of human social interaction and has often been associated with positive outcomes such as prosocial behavior, satisfying relationships, and psychological well-being. At the same time, research has shown that empathy is not an unequivocally positive phenomenon and may, in certain contexts, be associated with increased emotional burden and psychological distress. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between empathy and mental health in an adult population, with a particular focus on self-reported levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design with correlational analyses and was based on self-report questionnaires. A total of 100 adult participants took part in the study. Empathy was assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), which captures both cognitive and affective dimensions of empathy, and mental health was measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales–21 (DASS-21). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product–moment correlation analyses. The results indicated overall weak to moderate associations between empathy and mental health. Affective dimensions of empathy showed a mixed pattern: empathic concern was positively associated with anxiety, whereas personal distress showed no or only very weak associations with depression, anxiety, and stress. In contrast, cognitive dimensions of empathy showed consistently weak and non-significant associations with depression, anxiety, and stress. Overall, the findings did not fully support the notion of empathy as a general protective factor for mental health, but rather suggestthat empathy may function both as a resource and as a potential risk factor depending on its dimension.

Abstract [sv]

Empati har länge betraktats som en central komponent i mänsklig social interaktion och har ofta kopplats till positiva utfall såsom prosocialt beteende, goda relationer och psykiskt välbefinnande. Samtidigt har forskning visat att empati inte är ett entydigt positivt fenomen, utan i vissa sammanhang kan vara förknippad med ökad emotionell belastning och psykisk ohälsa. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan empati och psykisk hälsa i en vuxenpopulation, med särskilt fokus på självrapporterade nivåer av depression, ångest och stress. Studien genomfördes som en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med korrelationsanalys och baserades på självskattningsenkäter. Totalt deltog 100 vuxna personer. Empati mättes med Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), som fångar både kognitiva och affektiva dimensioner av empati, och psykisk hälsa mättes med Depression Anxiety Stress Scales–21 (DASS-21). Data analyserades med deskriptiv statistik samt Pearsons produkt–moment-korrelationsanalyser. Resultaten visade överlag svaga till måttliga samband mellan empati och psykisk hälsa. Affektiva dimensioner av empati visade ett mer blandat mönster: empatisk omsorg uppvisade ett positivt samband med ångest, medan personlig oro uppvisade inga eller endast mycket svaga samband med depression, ångest och stress. Kognitiva dimensioner av empati visade däremot genomgående svaga och icke-signifikanta samband med depression, ångest och stress. Sammantaget gav resultaten inte fullt stöd för empati som en generell skyddsfaktor för psykisk hälsa, utan indikerade att empati kan fungera både som en resurs och som en potentiell riskfaktor beroende på dess dimension.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 15
Keywords [en]
empathy, mental health, depression, anxiety, stress
National Category
Psychology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-249351OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-249351DiVA, id: diva2:2034762
Subject / course
Examensarbete i psykologi
Presentation
(Swedish)
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2026-02-04 Created: 2026-02-02 Last updated: 2026-02-04Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
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