This chapter introduces the phenomenon of political bots on social media, with a particular focus on Twitter. First, an explanation is given of what political bots are. Second, a brief orientation is provided on how they can be approached theoretically. Third, an example dataset—covering #antifa tweets 2016–2020—is used to illustrate how attempts can be made to detect bots. Finally, fourth, concise examples are given of how one might proceed with computational analyses (SNA and NLP) informed by the bot detection information. The aim of this chapter is to give initial conceptual and methodological guidance for scholars in the area of computational social science who venture into the field of studying political bots.