Umeå University's logo

umu.sePublications
System disruptions
There are recurring service disruptions on some of the search portals due to high traffic. We are working to resolve the issue, you may temporarily encounter an error message.
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
The roles of Swedish local middle managers: autonomy and power in a decentralised education system
Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Political Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2413-544X
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)Alternative title
Kommunala mellanchefers roller i Sverige : autonomi och makt i ett decentraliserat utbildningssystem (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Since 1960, the number of people employed by Swedish municipalities has increased more than tenfold (Blom 2019). The number of education managers increased by 228 per cent between 2008 and 2023 (Hall 2025). While research exists on chief education officers and their role in Swedish education governance (Paulsen et al. 2014; Moos, Nihlfors and Paulsen 2016; Nihlfors 2003; Ståhlkrantz and Rapp 2020), little is known about middle managers. 

I study the perceived autonomy and power of middle managers in local education administrations, contributing to greater knowledge of the various roles they play within the Swedish education governance system. The research questions are: How do Swedish local governments organise the governance of education, and is it possible to identify clear patterns of organising across different local governments? If so, what do these patterns look like? In which types of local governments are middle managers, positioned between the chief education officer and principals, incorporated into the organisational structure? How do middle managers, chief education officers, and principals perceive middle managers’ autonomy and power? What roles do middle managers play within the Swedish system of local education governance? How do institutional structures and norms shape middle managers’ perceived autonomy and power?

The analysis is guided by new institutionalism, offering nuanced insights into public education and middle managers. The concepts of organising, autonomy, and power are closely associated with new institutionalism, supporting analysis also in the three published articles. The primary method is semi-structured interviews with middle managers, chief education officers, and principals in four local education administrations. The results show that local governments organise education differently, even when they appear similar, and reveal variations in autonomy, perceptions of it among key actors, and factors that both promote and restrict it. Middle managers also exercise power over, to and with others, requiring regulative, normative, and cultural‑cognitive perspectives. Overall, the study shows that middle managers operate with varying degrees of autonomy and exercise different forms of power within the Swedish system of education governance.

Abstract [sv]

Sedan 1960 har antalet offentliganställda i svenska kommuner ökat mer än tiofaldigt (Blom 2019). Antalet utbildningschefer ökade med 228 procent mellan 2008 och 2023 (Hall 2025). Det finns forskning om förvaltningschefer inom utbildningsförvaltningar och deras roll i styrningen av svensk skola (Paulsen et al. 2014; Moos, Nihlfors and Paulsen 2016; Nihlfors 2003; Ståhlkrantz and Rapp 2020) men lite är känt om mellanchefers arbete.

I avhandlingen studerar jag mellanchefers upplevda autonomi och makt inom kommunala utbildningsförvaltningar och bidrar till ökad kunskap om deras roller i det svenska utbildningssystemet. Forskningsfrågorna är: Hur organiserar svenska kommuner styrningen av utbildning och är det möjligt att identifiera tydliga organisationsmönster mellan olika kommuner? Om så är fallet, hur ser dessa mönster ut? I vilka typer av kommuner är mellanchefer, placerade mellan förvaltningschef och rektorer, integrerade i organisationsstrukturen? Hur uppfattar mellanchefer, förvaltningschefer och rektorer mellanchefers autonomi och makt? Vilka roller spelar mellanchefer inom det svenska systemet för lokal utbildningsstyrning? På vilka sätt formar institutionella strukturer och normer mellanchefers upplevda autonomi och makt?

Analysen vägleds av nyinstitutionalism, som bidrar med nyanser i förståelsen av offentlig utbildning och mellanchefer. Begreppen organisering, autonomi och makt är nära förbundna med nyinstitutionalism och används i avhandlingens tre publicerade artiklar. Metoden består främst av semistrukturerade intervjuer med mellanchefer, förvaltningschefer och rektorer i fyra utbildningsförvaltningar. Resultaten visar att kommuner organiserar utbildning på olika sätt, även när de framstår som likartade, samt att det finns olika former av autonomi, skilda uppfattningar om mellanchefers autonomi bland centrala aktörer samt faktorer som både främjar och begränsar denna autonomi. Därutöver utövar mellanchefer makt över, att och tillsammans med andra, vilket kräver inte bara regulativa utan även normativa och kulturellt‑kognitiva perspektiv. Sammantaget visar studien att mellanchefer verkar med varierande grad av autonomi och utövar olika former av makt inom det svenska systemet för utbildningsstyrning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Umeå University, 2026. , p. 114
Series
Statsvetenskapliga institutionens skriftserie, ISSN 0349-0831 ; 2026:2Umeå studies in the educational sciences, ISSN 2004-8890, E-ISSN 2004-8661 ; 94
Keywords [en]
middle manager, chief education officer, principal, autonomy, power, organising, public administration
National Category
Public Administration Studies
Research subject
political science; educational leadership
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-258841ISBN: 978-91-6850-079-9 (electronic)ISBN: 978-91-6850-078-2 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-258841DiVA, id: diva2:2101886
Public defence
2026-10-16, Hörsal UB.A.230 - Lindellhallen 3, Umeå universitet, Campus Umeå, Samhällsvetarhuset, Umeå, 13:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-09-25 Created: 2026-09-16 Last updated: 2026-09-18Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Kommunal organisering av utbildningsförvaltningar på 290 olika sätt?
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Kommunal organisering av utbildningsförvaltningar på 290 olika sätt?
2024 (Swedish)In: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift, ISSN 0039-0747, Vol. 126, no 4, p. 813-834Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The study aims to contribute to the knowledge of how Swedish local governments attempt to govern preschools and schools by way of organising local education administrations. This is accomplished by describing and analysing how local administration organisations for education vary. The focus is on education committees, education administrations, and managerial functions. Organising is studied broadly in 21 local governments and scrutinised in detail in three. The results show extensive variation and differences in organising even in local governments that otherwise appear similar. Furthermore, alterations within the same local government are not rare. The conclusions highlight that local governments organise differently and have different philosophies regarding why. It appears that local government organising is not only the result of structural preconditions. Governance, it is argued, can be performed by modelling the formal organisational structure.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lund: Fahlbeckska stiftelsen, 2024
National Category
Political Science (Excluding Peace and Conflict Studies)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-237297 (URN)
Available from: 2025-04-07 Created: 2025-04-07 Last updated: 2026-09-16Bibliographically approved
2. The autonomy of middle managers in local education administrations: A Swedish viewpoint
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The autonomy of middle managers in local education administrations: A Swedish viewpoint
2025 (English)In: Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, ISSN 2002-0317, Vol. 11, no 2, p. 135-146Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The focus of this article is on how the relative autonomy of middle managers is expressed in the context of local education administrations. In the Swedish education system, middle managers often constitute the link between principals at schools and local government education administrators. Little is known about what such middle managers do and why. To fill this knowledge gap, this article presents and discusses the results of interviews with middle managers, chief education officers and principals linked to four local education administrations in Sweden. A previously developed analytical model has been adapted to facilitate the interpretation of results and how they relate to the concept of autonomy in education administration. The framework encompasses four cognitive domains: educational, social, developmental, and administrative. The results display middle manager autonomy as fostered and limited by all four domains and how the use of relative autonomy varies between middle managers. There are differences between middle managers in separate local education administrations and middle managers working in the same organisation. A major finding is that autonomy is always conditioned, not only by organisation but significantly also by cognition and administrative interaction.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2025
Keywords
Middle manager, autonomy, local school governance, local education administration
National Category
Public Administration Studies
Research subject
political science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-229058 (URN)10.1080/20020317.2024.2397828 (DOI)2-s2.0-85202708723 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-09-02 Created: 2024-09-02 Last updated: 2026-09-16Bibliographically approved
3. (Not) just another brick in the wall: how middle managers in Swedish local education administrations exercise various forms of power
Open this publication in new window or tab >>(Not) just another brick in the wall: how middle managers in Swedish local education administrations exercise various forms of power
2026 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration, ISSN 2001-7405, E-ISSN 2001-7413, Vol. 30, no 1, p. 20-40Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Middle managers, such as school form managers and school area managers, have come to play a crucial role in local public administration in Sweden. We need to understand the forms of power they exercise, as middle managers – in contrast to chief education officers and principals – they do not have a legally defined mandate. This article draws upon new institutionalist perspectives to enhance knowledge and understanding of how chief education officers, middle managers, and principals perceive middle managers to exercise power over, power to, and power with in administrations and in relation to other officers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with respondents in four local education administrations across three municipalities in Sweden. The results show that middle managers in the study exercise all three types of power, and that not only regulative but also normative and cultural-cognitive perspectives contribute to explaining the expansion or limitation of their power. Notably, the institutional perspectives can coexist to different degrees, depending on the context and situation, with implications for the relative administrative power of middle managers. Without a clearly defined legal mandate, their exercise of power raises urgent accountability concerns.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
University of Gothenburg, 2026
Keywords
education, middle manager, new institutionalist perspectives, public administration, power
National Category
Political Science (Excluding Peace and Conflict Studies) Other Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-249116 (URN)10.58235/sjpa.54001 (DOI)001735912800003 ()2-s2.0-105038951385 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2026-01-28 Created: 2026-01-28 Last updated: 2026-09-16Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(3002 kB)94 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 3002 kBChecksum SHA-512
e5e6b70d4efd162abb25a113c9df0a2c8025d3a6777235f1b611009194782e9f511b3ef2134b1392ec9310bf792eec2a693749765e0718689ba669552aec7949
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf
spikblad(791 kB)28 downloads
File information
File name SPIKBLAD01.pdfFile size 791 kBChecksum SHA-512
af3a78354fd204f1920ed517c49bdd03f88e5f486548320481a507f3be7d1c7941d9f49b0d2edc1ffea3dabc4936c2a603c7ce113f577d93aed8e66fc9673d46
Type spikbladMimetype application/pdf
omslag(1405 kB)24 downloads
File information
File name COVER01.pdfFile size 1405 kBChecksum SHA-512
df3c4f1f444ebd800e28ed67d8319b21c2cd3001438d4a427cf0d7c7d14a72cc9dc09b6432fedb0602e5496d3f265b891dd0ab4cea76392152ff5eb677e2fd9e
Type coverMimetype application/pdf

Authority records

Antonsson, Linn

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Antonsson, Linn
By organisation
Department of Political Science
Public Administration Studies

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 1036 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf