How is gender understood in contemporary research on religious education and values formation/education? This is the question of this chapter which presents a thematic analysis of a sample of articles published between 2000 and 2014 in British Journal of Religious Education and Journal of Moral Education. To allow for comparison the South African Journal of Education and Gender and Education were also studied. Articles were identified via the search engine of each journal by using the search term 'gender'. Three kinds of use of gender theory are defined, basically depending on how the category of gender is understood. The uses can be described as viewing sex and gender related to girls and boys, or women and men, implying sex/gender differences (Phase I); gender as connected to structural inequalities (Phase II); and gender as performative and as social constructions with variations (Phase III).