The aim of this chapter is to add to the field of elder law through an analysis of the function, content and future challenges of employment protection from the perspective of older workers and a prolonged working life. EU law and comparative European law are in focus, and statutory, collective bargaining and case law developments are analysed. The chapter discusses, for example, the relationship between employment protection and the ban on age discrimination, dismissals for personal reasons and reasons of redundancy, and the connection between employment protection and compulsory retirement and measures aimed at prolonging working life.