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Inter-day test–retest reliability and feasibility of isokinetic, isometric, and isotonic measurements to assess quadriceps endurance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A multicenter study
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3212-4708
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2018 (English)In: Chronic Respiratory Disease, ISSN 1479-9723, E-ISSN 1479-9731, Vol. 16, p. 1-9Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The aims were to determine reliability and feasibility of measurements to assess quadriceps endurance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sixty participants (forced expiratory volume in one second (mean ± standard deviation) 55 ± 18% of predicted, age 67 ± 8 years) were tested in an inter-day, test–retest design. Isokinetic, isometric, and isotonic protocols were performed using a computerized dynamometer. Test–retest relative and absolute reliability was determined via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV%), and limits of agreement (LoA%). Isokinetic total work demonstrated very high relative reliability (ICC: [95% confidence interval] = 0.98 [0.94–0.99]) and the best absolute reliability (CV% (LoA%) = 6.5% (18.0%)). Isokinetic fatigue index, isometric, and isotonic measures demonstrated low-to-high relative reliability (ICC = 0.64 [0.46–0.77], 0.88 [0.76–0.94], 0.91 [0.85–0.94]), and measures of absolute reliability (CV% (LoA%)) were 20.3% (56.4%), 14.9% (40.8%), and 15.8% (43.1%). For isokinetic total work and isometric measurements, participants performed better on retest (4.8% and 10.0%, respectively). The feasibility was similar across protocols with an average time consumption of less than 7.5 minutes. In conclusion, isokinetic, isometric, and isotonic measurements of quadriceps endurance were feasible to a similar extent and presented low-to-very high relative reliability. Absolute reliability seems to favor isokinetic total work measurements.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2018. Vol. 16, p. 1-9
Keywords [en]
Intra-rater agreement, reproducibility, COPD, leg extension, lower limb muscle endurance
National Category
Physiotherapy
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154716DOI: 10.1177/1479973118816497ISI: 000487096600001PubMedID: 30789016Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85058803253OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-154716DiVA, id: diva2:1274063
Available from: 2018-12-27 Created: 2018-12-27 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The relevance and assessment of limb muscle function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The relevance and assessment of limb muscle function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Relevans och bedömning av muskelfunktion hos personer med kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom
Abstract [en]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that is characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Consequences beyond the airways and lungs are common, and include limb muscle dysfunction. Limb muscle dysfunction is treated with exercise training, and should be preceded by assessments to individualise prescriptions. Guidelines recommend assessment of quadriceps strength, but limb muscle dysfunction affects more than strength. Other less investigated assessments may be of interest. During training, direct physiological (cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and biomechanical) and symptomatic responses are important, since they can affect training effectivity, and they may differ depending on whether arms or legs are used. The main aims of this thesis were to investigate the relevance of assessments of quadriceps function, feasibility and reliability of methods to assess quadriceps endurance, and to compare the direct physiological and symptomatic responses during arm and leg activities in people with COPD.

Method: This thesis is based on four papers. These include one systematic review with a meta-analysis of studies comparing direct physiological and symptomatic responses to activities performed with the arms versus the legs, and three papers based on an international cross-sectional multicentre study investigating reliability, feasibility, and relevance of three leg extension assessments of quadriceps endurance. Relative and absolute reliability were determined via interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV %), and limits of agreement (LoA %) for measures of isokinetic total work, isokinetic fatigue index, isometric time to exhaustion, and isotonic repetitions to exhaustion. The relevance of the measures of quadriceps endurance and other quadriceps functions were determined by the association to functional capacity and physical activity with Pearson correlation analyses (r) and multiple linear regression models (R2, adjusted R2, Δ R2, and Δ adjusted R2).

Results: Results from the meta-analyses show that leg-cycle ergometer resulted in greater tidal volume (137 mL), minute ventilation (4.8 L/min), and oxygen consumption (164 mL/min) compared to arm cycle ergometer, while symptomatic responses were similar. Physiological responses (e.g., minute ventilation and oxygen consumption) during arm compared to leg resistance training exercises were similar. Results from studies on functional activities depend on the type and intensity of the activity performed. Isokinetic total work was the measurement with the highest relative reliability (ICC = 0.98) and the smallest absolute reliability (e.g., CV% = 6.5). Isokinetic fatigue index, isometric, and isotonic measures demonstrated low-to-high relative reliability (ICC = 0.64, 0.88, 0.91), and absolute reliability was larger (e.g., CV% = 20.3, 14.9, and 15.8%). Participants performed better on the retest for isokinetic total work and isometric measurements (4.8 and 10%, p < 0.001). The feasibility was similar across protocols, with an average time consumption of< 7.5 minutes, limited perceived dyspnoea compared to leg fatigue, and no major adverse advents. The measures of quadriceps function had mostly similar (r = +/- 0.07–0.45) levels of correlations to the functional capacity and physical activity. In multiple regression analyses improved quadriceps power the models to predict functional capacity the most (Δ adjusted R2= 0.10, 0.15, adjusted R2 = 0.60, 0.39). Isotonic endurance was the only muscle function that improved all physical activity models (ΔR2 = 0.04–0.07, p < 0.05, R2 = 0.38–0.49).

Conclusions: The results indicate that if the goal of an activity is to maximise physiological responses such as minute ventilation and oxygen consumption, activities involving the legs should be preferred. Symptomatic responses seems task and intensity dependent, which suggest that strategies used to reduce symptoms should be based on relative intensity. In the assessment of quadriceps endurance, isokinetic, isometric and isotonic protocols present low to very high relative reliability. Differences in reliability and the better performance at retest might reflect differences in ability to detect true change. Quadriceps power seems to be more relevant to functional capacity, and isotonic quadriceps endurance seems to be more relevant to physical activity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Umeå universitet, 2021. p. 93
Series
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 2145
Keywords
COPD, lower and upper limb activities, quadriceps function, reliability, association
National Category
Physiotherapy Respiratory Medicine and Allergy
Research subject
physiotherapy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186741 (URN)978-91-7855-594-9 (ISBN)978-91-7855-595-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-09-17, Triple Helix, Universitetsledningshuset, Umeå, 09:00 (Swedish)
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Available from: 2021-08-27 Created: 2021-08-20 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved

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Frykholm, ErikNyberg, Andre

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