This chapter presents the results of radiocarbon analysis at a number of Dnieper cemeteries and associated sites, undertaken by the authors since the early 1990s. These cemeteries primarily span the earlier to middle Holocene period, between ca. 10,000–3500 cal BC (the Epipalaeolithic to Eneolithic periods), although a number of sites include burials from later periods. To date, the key sites that have been subjected to systematic analysis are the cemeteries that are located along the Dnieper River and, in particular, those at the Dnieper Rapids. The radiocarbon dating of these sites, and the cemeteries themselves, form the basis of the analysis outlined in Chapters 7 and 8. Despite in excess of two decades of analysis the identification of a potential freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) has perhaps proven to be one ofthe most significant results from this extended period of study (Lillie et al. 2009). This and other aspects of the research agenda are considered.