Extending previous studies on job crafting, the aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of job crafting on quality of care in residential homes for elderly people in two European countries (Spain and Sweden). We hypothesize that cognitive crafting could be a consequence of behavioral crafting and that it will mediate the relationship between behavioral crafting and the perception of quality of care. A correlational design was used, with two-waves approximately 12 months apart (n = 226). Our results indicate that behavioral job crafting at T1 had an effect on cognitive job crafting at T2, relational job crafting at T1 increases quality of care at T2, and the mediation effect of cognitive job crafting. These results indicate that we must differentiate between the two forms of crafting (behavioral and cognitive), not as indicators of the same latent construct, but as aggregates. Additionally, we point out two main implications for managerial practice. First, as relational job crafting has a direct effect on quality of care, it is important to assure an organizational culture oriented towards employees. Secondly, due to the mediation effect of cognitive job crafting, managers should facilitate meaningful work environments. To do so, jobs should be re-designed, increasing skills variety, identity and significance.