In addition to a short overview of each of the chapter in this book, in this Introduction we present the four distinct and related meta-themes in L1 that the idea of the book started from, and which from the outset have been a reference-point for our contributors. The first and perhaps primary meta-theme is globalization, a process by which national and regional economics, societies, and cultures, and thereby school and curricula, have become integrated through global networks of trade, communication, and dominating political ideologies. The second meta-theme is pluriculturalism, including escalating challenges of migration and population diaspora, worldwide. The third meta-theme focuses on technocultural change, or ‘technologisation’, with regard to changing technologies and their associated cultures and cultural politics. The fourth of these meta-themes, and perhaps more innovative in this context, is educationalization, a historical phenomenon involving the way in which mass popular education came to be increasingly conceived as a key solution to perceived social, moral, economic and political problems, something which remains just as relevant today. These meta-themes are seen as variously informing the chapters that follow, as well as the book project overall.