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Modeling and optimization of hybrid ground source heat pump with district heating and cooling
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics. Umeå University. (Anjan Rao Puttige)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3115-4195
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6400-7744
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8704-8538
2022 (English)In: Energy and Buildings, ISSN 0378-7788, E-ISSN 1872-6178, Vol. 264, article id 112065Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Hybrid heating systems with ground source heat pumps (GSHP) and district heating and cooling offer flexibility in operation to both building owners and energy providers. The flexibility can be used to make the heating system more economical and environmentally friendly. However, due to the lack of suitable models that can accurately predict the long-term performance of the GSHP, there is uncertainty in their performance and concerns about the long-term stability of the ground temperature, which has limited the utilization of such hybrid heating systems. This work presents a hybrid model of a GSHP system that uses analytical and artificial neural network models to accurately represent a GSHP system's long-term behavior. A method to improve the operation of a hybrid GSHP is also presented. The method was applied to hospital buildings in northern Sweden. It was shown that in the improved case, the cost of providing heating to the building can be reduced by 64 t€, and the CO2 emissions can be reduced by 92 tons while maintaining a stable ground temperature.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022. Vol. 264, article id 112065
Keywords [en]
Ground source heat pump, district heating and cooling, optimization, borehole heat exchanger, artificial neural network, hybrid model
National Category
Energy Engineering Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187767DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112065ISI: 000800424900007Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85127325610OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-187767DiVA, id: diva2:1596069
Note

Originally included in thesis in manuscript form. 

Available from: 2021-09-21 Created: 2021-09-21 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Utilization of a GSHP System in a DHC Network: modeling and optimization
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Utilization of a GSHP System in a DHC Network: modeling and optimization
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Användning av bergvärmepumpar i ett fjärrvärme- och fjärrkylanätverk : modellering och optimering
Abstract [en]

The ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) of customers connected to the district heating and cooling (DHC) network can benefit both the customer and the energy company. However, operating the GSHP to minimize the cost of providing heating and cooling to the customer while ensuring the long-term stability of the ground temperature is a challenge. This thesis addresses the challenge by developing accurate models of GSHP and optimizing the operation of the GSHP system using these models.

The models presented in this thesis use field measurements to develop accurate models with low computational time. The main components of a GSHP system are the heat pump and the borehole heat exchanger (BHE). This thesis presents two approaches to use measured data to improve the accuracy of analytical models for BHE. The first approach is the calibration of the model parameters using this measured data. The second approach combines the analytical model with an artificial neural network model resulting in a hybrid model. The calibration approach reduced the relative RMSE of the analytical model from 21.9% to 13.9% in the testing period. The relative RMSE of the hybrid model for the testing period was 6.3%.

We compared different data-driven models for heat pumps and determined that artificial neural network models have an advantage over traditional regression models when field measurements are available. The artificial neural network model was refined to better utilize the measured data. The refined models of heat pumps had a relative RMSE of less than 5%.

The hybrid BHE model and an artificial neural network model for the heat pumps were used to model the GSHP system. The model was validated using four years of field measurements. The relative MAE for the compressor power and BHE power were 7.3% and 19.1% respectively.

The validated model was used to optimize the operation of the GSHP system. In optimal operation, the cost of providing heating and cooling to the area was minimized from the perspective of the energy company while maintaining a stable temperature in the ground. In optimal operation, the annual cost of operation was shown to reduce by 64 t€ and the annual CO2 emission was shown to reduce by 92 tons.

Abstract [sv]

Bergvärmepumpar som är anslutna till fjärrvärme- och kylnät kan vara till fördel både för användare och leverantörer av energi. I detta sammanhang utgör emellertid driftstrategin en stor utmaning för att minimera energikostnaden för att tillhandahålla värme och kyla och samtidigt säkerställa att marktemperaturen långsiktigt blir stabil. En viktig målsättning med denna avhandling har därför varit att förfina och utveckla modeller för driftoptimering av ett bergvärmepumpsystemi samverkan med ett fjärrvärmenät.

Huvudkomponenterna i ett bergvärmepumpsystem är värmepumpen och borrhålsvärmeväxlaren. Denna avhandling presenterar två metoder för att använda verkliga driftdata med syftet att förbättra noggrannheten hos analytiska modeller för borrhålsvärmeväxlaren. Det första tillvägagångssättet är kalibrering av modellparametrarna med hjälp av uppmätta data. Det andra tillvägagångssättet kombinerar den analytiska modellen med en artificiell neural nätverksmodell som resulterar i en hybridmodell. Kalibreringsmetoden reducerade den analytiska modellens standardavvikelse från 21,9% till 13,9% under testperioden. Standardavvikelsen för hybridmodellen för testperioden var 6,3%.

Vid jämförelsen av olika datadrivna modeller för värmepumpar konstaterades det att artificiella neurala nätverksmodeller har en fördel jämfört med traditionella regressionsmodeller då fältmätningar är tillgängliga. Den artificiella neurala nätverksmodellen förfinades för att på bästa sätt nyttja uppmätta data. Med de förfinade modellerna erhölls en standardavvikelse på mindre än 5%.

Borrhålsvärmeväxlarens modell och en artificiell neural modell för värmepumparna användes för att modellera bergvärmepumpsystemet. Modellen validerades med driftdata från fyra års fältmätningar. Det relativa medelfelet för kompressoreffekten och borrhålsvärmeväxlarens effekt var 7,8% respektive 19,1%.

Den validerade modellen användes för att optimera driften av bergvärmepumpsystemet. Vid optimal drift minimerades kostnaden för att tillhandahålla uppvärmning och kyla sett ur energileverantörens perspektiv, samtidigt som en stabil temperatur i marken bibehölls. Vid optimal drift visade sig den årliga driftskostnaden minska med 64 t€ och det årliga koldioxidutsläppet visade sig minska med 92 ton.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Umeå University, 2021. p. 60
Keywords
Ground source heat pump, district heating and cooling, optimization, borehole heat exchanger, artificial neural network, hybrid model, field measurements, calibration, heat pumps, prosumer
National Category
Energy Engineering Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187781 (URN)978-91-7855-649-6 (ISBN)978-91-7855-648-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-10-19, Triple Helix, Samverkanshuset, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-09-28 Created: 2021-09-21 Last updated: 2021-09-22Bibliographically approved

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Puttige, Anjan RaoAndersson, StaffanÖstin, RonnyOlofsson, Thomas

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