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Dopamine d2/3-receptor availability and its association with autonomous motivation to exercise in older adults: an exploratory [11c]-raclopride study
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Avdelningen för fysioterapi. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Umeå centrum för funktionell hjärnavbildning (UFBI).
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Umeå centrum för funktionell hjärnavbildning (UFBI). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB).ORCID-id: 0000-0001-6169-5836
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Umeå centrum för funktionell hjärnavbildning (UFBI). Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Statistik.ORCID-id: 0000-0003-1524-0851
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Avdelningen för fysioterapi.ORCID-id: 0000-0001-6955-1706
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2022 (Engelska)Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, E-ISSN 1662-5161, Vol. 16, artikel-id 997131Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Autonomous motivation to exercise occurs when the activity is voluntary and with a perceived inherent satisfaction from the activity itself. It has been suggested that autonomous motivation is related to striatal dopamine D2/3-receptor (D2/3R) availability within the brain. In this study, we hypothesized that D2/3R availability in three striatal regions (nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen) would be positively associated with self-reported autonomous motivation to exercise. We also examined this relationship with additional exploratory analyses across a set of a priori extrastriatal regions of interest (ROI).

Methods: Our sample comprised 49 older adults (28 females) between 64 and 78 years of age. The D2/3R availability was quantified from positron emission tomography using the non-displaceable binding potential of [11C]-raclopride ligand. The exercise-related autonomous motivation was assessed with the Swedish version of the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2.

Results: No significant associations were observed between self-reported autonomous motivation to exercise and D2/3R availability within the striatum (nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen) using semi-partial correlations controlling for ROI volume on D2/3R availability. For exploratory analyses, positive associations were observed for the superior (r = 0.289, p = 0.023) and middle frontal gyrus (r = 0.330, p = 0.011), but not for the inferior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, or anterior insular cortex.

Conclusion: This study could not confirm the suggested link between striatal D2/3R availability and subjective autonomous motivation to exercise among older adults. The exploratory findings, however, propose that frontal brain regions may be involved in the intrinsic regulation of exercise-related behaviors, though this has to be confirmed by future studies using a more suitable ligand and objective measures of physical activity levels.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022. Vol. 16, artikel-id 997131
Nyckelord [en]
aging, autonomous motivation, dopamine, exercise motivation, PET, self-determination theory (SDT)
Nationell ämneskategori
Neurovetenskaper
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-201462DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.997131ISI: 000889590000001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85142664855OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-201462DiVA, id: diva2:1716618
Forskningsfinansiär
Vetenskapsrådet, 2012-00530Region VästerbottenCentrum för IdrottsforskningFamiljen Kamprads stiftelseTillgänglig från: 2022-12-06 Skapad: 2022-12-06 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-09-30Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Supramaximal high-intensity interval training for older adults: motivation, applicability, physiological and cognitive effects
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Supramaximal high-intensity interval training for older adults: motivation, applicability, physiological and cognitive effects
2024 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Alternativ titel[sv]
Supramaximal högintensiv intervallträning för äldre : motivation, genomförbarhet, fysiologiska och kognitiva effekter
Abstract [en]

Background: Regular physical exercise can counteract age-relatedphysiological and cognitive decline, reduce the risk of disease, andimprove quality of life. Even so, a considerable proportion of older adultsare insufficiently physically active. Supramaximal high-intensity intervaltraining (HIT) is a potential time-efficient, effective, and appealingalternative to longer duration moderate-intensity training (MIT).Research also indicates promising effects from supramaximal HIT forolder adults, but the interpretation of these results is limited to a fewsmall studies, highlighting a need for larger, high-quality randomizedcontrolled trials (RCT) for this population. The aims of this thesis wereto investigate motivational aspects of physical exercise, and controlledsupramaximal HIT in particular; and to examine the applicability andeffects of controlled supramaximal HIT in comparison to aerobic MIT,among older adults not engaged in regular physical exercise.

Methods: This thesis comprises four research papers, totaling 117participants (64-79 years old, 56% women). Paper I used cross-sectionaldata from 49 participants to investigate a neurobiological link betweendopamine and exercise-related motivation. Papers II-IV used data fromthe Umeå HIT Study, an RCT with 68 participants, to examineapplicability and effects from 3 months of twice-weekly controlledsupramaximal HIT (10×6-sec intervals, 20 minutes in total) compared toMIT (3×8-min intervals, 40 minutes in total). Both groups exercised onstationary bicycles in a group setting. All participants in the Umeå HITstudy received medical clearance before the training started. Paper IIdescribed the applicability of controlled supramaximal HIT and its effecton exercise-related motivation. Paper III examined the effects onphysiological and cognitive functions, such as cardiorespiratory fitnessand global cognitive function. Paper IV used data from 42 participantson structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) toinvestigate the effects of the exercise on the hippocampus and episodicmemory.

Results: Paper I indicated a positive association between self-reportedexercise motivation and dopamine D2-receptor availability in the frontalparts of the brain. Paper II showed that non-exercising, but otherwiserelatively healthy older adults were able to exercise at supramaximaltraining intensities without compromising their physical and mentalwell-being during the training, or their exercise motivation. Theparticipation was high, and no serious adverse events occurred. Notably,the participants performing supramaximal HIT reported more positiveivand fewer negative exercise-related events compared to the participantsperforming MIT. The results from Paper III showed that three months ofcontrolled supramaximal HIT resulted in similar but also additionaleffects compared to MIT, despite the total training time being halved.Both groups improved fitness and cardiovascular function, and in favorof supramaximal HIT there was an improvement in muscular function.Neither group showed an effect on global cognitive function, but apotential improvement in working memory was observed in favor ofsupramaximal HIT. While the effects on episodic memory were mixed,Paper IV observed associations between change in cardiorespiratoryfitness and change in hippocampus function for the CA4/DG subfieldduring pattern completion, which in turn was associated with episodicmemory improvements in pattern completion.

Conclusion: Overall, this thesis supports controlled supramaximal HIT as an effective and appealing training method for older adults, which canmake meaningful contributions to their independence in daily lifeactivities. Although the connection between motivation, dopamine, andaging requires further research, an interesting observation in this thesiswas that, contrary to previous concerns, controlled supramaximal HIThad no negative impact on the participants' motivation. Controlledsupramaximal HIT can be a meaningful addition to the exerciseprograms commonly available for older adults, as providing moretailored and individualized training may contribute to promotingphysical exercise for health and well-being. The cognitive effects ofsupramaximal HIT were mixed, and future studies should aim for longerinterventions and more pronounced physiological changes. Further,research should evaluate controlled supramaximal HIT in a broaderpopulation, including individuals with chronic conditions and diseases,and explore how this form of exercise can be effectively implemented ineveryday settings.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Umeå: Umeå University, 2024. s. 91
Serie
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 2320
Nyckelord
Aging, Episodic Memory, Feasibility, HIT, fMRI, Self-Determination-Theory, VO2max
Nationell ämneskategori
Gerontologi, medicinsk/hälsovetenskaplig inriktning Idrottsvetenskap Neurovetenskaper
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-230184 (URN)978-91-8070-471-7 (ISBN)978-91-8070-472-4 (ISBN)
Disputation
2024-10-25, Hörsal Betula, Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeå, 09:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2024-10-04 Skapad: 2024-09-30 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-10-08Bibliografiskt granskad

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Simonsson, EmmaJonasson Stiernman, LarsLundquist, AndersRosendahl, ErikHedlund, MattiasLindelöf, NinaBoraxbekk, Carl-Johan

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Simonsson, EmmaJonasson Stiernman, LarsLundquist, AndersRosendahl, ErikHedlund, MattiasLindelöf, NinaBoraxbekk, Carl-Johan
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Avdelningen för fysioterapiUmeå centrum för funktionell hjärnavbildning (UFBI)Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB)StatistikDiagnostisk radiologi
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