Owing to limited markets for recycled products, the United States annually discards~294 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) into landfills. These recycling rates for plastics and food wastes are as low as 7% and 3%, respectively. There is a need for stimulating innovative strategies for upcycling MSWs. This chapter discusses viable strategies for upcycling MSWs as precursors for graphene production using well-established nano-manufacturing techniques. We discuss the use of readily available MSW components as raw materials and the waste-to-energy infrastructure as a source of waste heat.