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Malnutrición infantil en Cochabamba, Bolivia: la doble carga entre la desnutrición y obesidad: [Infant Malnutrition in Cochabamba, Bolivia: The double burden between underweight and obesity]
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0400-0414
Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health.
2019 (Spanish)In: Gaceta Medica Boliviana, ISSN 1012-2966, Vol. 42, no 1, p. 17-28Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A concomitant presence of chronically malnourished (stunted) and obesity, is known as the double burden of childhood malnutrition, is observed more frequently in low and middle-income countries.

Objective: to analyze the prevalence of underweight and childhood obesity in Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted, with a sample of n=4885 children under 5 years, stratified for the 5 macro regions from Cochabamba, applying the Community Nutritional Surveillance System. The anthropometric measurements were entered into the WHO-Anthro Software v3.1.0, to calculate the Z-score and its nutritional status categorization. Proportions and IC-95% are presented; Chi2 to associations between categorical variables, Pearson correlation for the interaction between quantitative variables, and multivariate logistic regression for adjusted Odds Ratio (OR).

Results: we found a prevalence of 22,1% for estunted; 6,0% for global underweight; 6,1% for acute underweight; 16,4% probable delay of growth of the cephalic perimeter and 10,8% with inadequate energy reserve. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16,5% for the weight/height indicator; 17,6% according to the BMI/age and 10.8% for the MUAC/age. 66,03% of stunted children were overweight or obese. The prevalence of underweight and obesity was higher in the Andean region, the age group most affected by obesity were children from 1 to 3 years.

Conclusion: there is a statistically significant association between stunted and obesity; this double burden of child malnutrition was more prevalent in the Andean region.

Abstract [es]

La presencia concomitante de talla baja y obesidad, conocida como la doble carga de la malnutrición infantil, es observada con mayor frecuencia en países de bajos y medios ingresos económicos como el nuestro.

Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de la desnutrición y obesidad infantil en Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, con una muestra de n=4885 niños menores de 5 años, estratificada para las 5 macrorregiones de Cochabamba, aplicando el Sistema de Vigilancia Nutricional Comunitario. Las mediciones antropométricas se ingresaron al Software WHO-Anthro v3.1.0, para el cálculo de Z-score y su categorización. Se presentan proporciones e IC-95%; Chi2 para la asociación entre variables categóricas, correlación de Pearson para la interacción entre variables cuantitativas y regresión logística multivariada para el cálculo de Odds Ratio (OR) ajustados.

Resultados: encontramos una prevalencia de 22,1% para DNT-Crónica; 6,0% para DNT-Global; 6,1% para DNT-Aguda; 16,4% de probable retraso de crecimiento del perímetro cefálico y 10,8% con reserva energética inadecuada. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 16,5% para el indicador peso/talla; 17,6% según el IMC/edad y 10,8% para el PMB/Edad. El 66,03% de los niños con talla baja presentaban sobrepeso u obesidad. La prevalencia de desnutrición y obesidad fue mayor en la región andina, el grupo etario más afectado por la obesidad fueron los niños de 1 a 3 años.

Conclusión: existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la talla baja y la presencia de obesidad; esta doble carga de malnutrición infantil fue más prevalente en la región andina.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón , 2019. Vol. 42, no 1, p. 17-28
Keywords [en]
malnutrition, obesity, overweight, stunted, underweight
Keywords [es]
desnutrición, sobrepeso, obesidad, malnutrición
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-213629DOI: 10.47993/gmb.v42i1.39Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85122388122OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-213629DiVA, id: diva2:1791918
Available from: 2023-08-28 Created: 2023-08-28 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved

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