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Being in-between; exploring former cult members' experiences of an acculturation process using the cultural formulation interview (DSM-5)
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Professionell utveckling.
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Professionell utveckling.ORCID-id: 0000-0003-2876-8567
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Professionell utveckling.
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Professionell utveckling.
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2023 (Engelska)Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry, E-ISSN 1664-0640, Vol. 14, artikel-id 1142189Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Objective: To explore the experiences of acculturation into secular Swedish society of former members of cults, with particular focus on mental health, needs and resources.

Design: Qualitative method using the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) from the DSM-5 as an interview guide. Analysis of participants’ experiences of acculturation through systematic text condensation.

Participants: Eleven Swedish former members of ideological or religion-based cults.

Setting: Swedish mainstream, secular society.

Results: Former cult members experience an ‘in-between time’ in the period after leaving the cult and find themselves in a confusing, chaotic state. They describe having lived in an honor culture where acts of violence were normalized. In the cult, they felt disconnected from themselves, and post-cult they try to regain access to their own values and feelings as well as create new bonds with family members and friends outside the cult. They find it hard to talk about their cult background and find relief in communicating with other former cult members. In their post-cult life, they eventually start seeing the world in a brighter, more hopeful way than before. However, they are also at risk of re-experiencing cult-related traumatic events and of new traumatic experiences within the post-cult acculturation process, and of persistent psychological distress.

Conclusion: Former cult members face a challenging acculturation process, having lost a functioning worldview upon leaving the cult but not yet gained another to take its place. While the in-between time is often transient, they may need support from the healthcare system, especially regarding mental health concerns, while establishing themselves into mainstream society.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023. Vol. 14, artikel-id 1142189
Nyckelord [en]
acculturation, coersive control, consultation, cult, cultural formulation
Nationell ämneskategori
Människa-datorinteraktion (interaktionsdesign)
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-215230DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142189ISI: 001074809100001PubMedID: 37779627Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85172988375OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-215230DiVA, id: diva2:1805537
Tillgänglig från: 2023-10-17 Skapad: 2023-10-17 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-07-02Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. ”Att nästan inte få existera”: före detta sektmedlemmars erfarenheter – med fokus på psykisk hälsa och mötet med sjukvården
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>”Att nästan inte få existera”: före detta sektmedlemmars erfarenheter – med fokus på psykisk hälsa och mötet med sjukvården
2023 (Svenska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Alternativ titel[en]
“Almost not allowed to exist” : former cult members' experiences - with focus on mental health and the healthcare meeting
Abstract [en]

Background: The controlling culture of a cult can be harmful to its members. Living in and leaving a cult can be challenging, lead to mental illness and experience the need for support.

Aims: I - To explore former cult members' perceptions of consultations with healthcare professionals for mental illness that they relate to their cult involvement. The study also aims to identify the needs, obstacles, and facilitating factors related to these consultations. II - To explore the experiences of acculturation into secular Swedish society of former members of cults, with particular focus on mental health, needs and resources. III - To explore exposure to violence and coercive control in cults, and its consequences for mental health.

Design: A qualitative approach was used in all studies. Semi structured interviews (I, III) and the cultural formulation interview from DSM -5 (II) were used to collect data. Studies I and II were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with systematic text condensation. Study III was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Participants: Adult former members of ideological or religion-based cults. Studies I and III include nineteen participants who had been in contact with Swedish healthcare professionals due to mental illness related to their cult involvement. Study II include eleven participants.

Results: Being a cult member involved constant exposure to threats and violence. The acculturation process after leaving the cult put them in an in-between state and it took time and effort to resettle in mainstream society. They struggled with a persisting coercive bond to the cult's ideals, shame, trauma, and mental health sequalae. In their consultations with healthcare professionals the former cult members remained affected by the cults rules and belief system. This made it harder for them to communicate their needs and accept care.

Conclusion: Former cult members face a complex acculturation process while they struggle in several aspects of life with mental health, shame, problems with trust and personal boundaries. To effectively understand and support former cult members, healthcare professionals must consider both the cultural and existential aspects of former cult members' lives, in addition to their mental health and persisting bond to the cult.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Umeå: Umeå University, 2023. s. 70
Serie
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 2268
Nyckelord
cult, former cult member, cultural formulation, mental health, coercive control, acculturation, sekt, före detta sektmedlem, sektavhopp, bemötande, psykisk hälsa, otillbörlig påverkan, kulturformulering, ackulturation
Nationell ämneskategori
Psykiatri Hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation, hälsopolitik och hälsoekonomi Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi
Forskningsämne
professionell utveckling
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-217755 (URN)9789180702126 (ISBN)9789180702133 (ISBN)
Disputation
2024-01-12, Bergasalen, Norrlands universitetsjukhus, Umeå, 09:00 (Svenska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2023-12-21 Skapad: 2023-12-12 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-12-14Bibliografiskt granskad

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Hadding, CeciliaSemb, OlofLehti, ArjaMartin, FahlströmSandlund, MikaelDeMarinis, Valerie

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