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This chapter explores the past, present, and future of agricultural technology. It provides an overview of the evolution of agricultural technology over time and, the spectrum of technologies from the high-tech to the low-tech, as well as envisioning what farming of the future may look like. It discusses the possible benefits and drawbacks of the so-called fourth agricultural revolution, including who is most likely to win and lose from the increased use of sophisticated technology on-farm, and identifies key questions for the research community and others to consider as we move towards this so-called revolution.