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Targeting androgen, thyroid hormone, and vitamin A and D receptors to treat prostate cancer
Department of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9126-003X
Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). Department of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2184-1338
Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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2024 (English)In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, ISSN 1661-6596, E-ISSN 1422-0067, Vol. 25, no 17, article id 9245Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The nuclear hormone family of receptors regulates gene expression. The androgen receptor (AR), upon ligand binding and homodimerization, shuttles from the cytosol into the nucleus to activate gene expression. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), retinoic acid receptors (RARs), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are present in the nucleus bound to chromatin as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and repress gene expression. Ligand binding leads to transcription activation. The hormonal ligands for these receptors play crucial roles to ensure the proper conduct of very many tissues and exert effects on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Androgens support PCa proliferation and androgen deprivation alone or with chemotherapy is the standard therapy for PCa. RARγ activation and 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) stimulation of TRβ support the growth of PCa cells. Ligand stimulation of VDR drives growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis of PCa cells. Often these receptors are explored as separate avenues to find treatments for PCa and other cancers. However, there is accumulating evidence to support receptor interactions and crosstalk of regulatory events whereby a better understanding might lead to new combinatorial treatments.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2024. Vol. 25, no 17, article id 9245
Keywords [en]
androgen receptor, nuclear hormone receptors, prostate cancer, retinoic acid receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, vitamin D receptor
National Category
Cancer and Oncology Cell and Molecular Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-229919DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179245ISI: 001310954700001PubMedID: 39273194Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85203857361OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-229919DiVA, id: diva2:1900838
Available from: 2024-09-25 Created: 2024-09-25 Last updated: 2024-10-21Bibliographically approved

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Kenner, Lukas

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