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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence suggests that female surgeons achieve comparable or even more favorable outcomes than male surgeons. It is currently unclear what factors contribute to these potential differences. Possible explanations might be differences in personality traits, communication style, attitude, and risk-taking behavior. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine disparities in personality traits between male and female general surgeons in Sweden.

METHODS: The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study of personality traits. Between August 29, 2022, and December 15, 2023, Swedish specialists in general surgery were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey, assessed with the Big Five Inventory, collected information on self-reported surgeon gender, years in practice, employment data, and differences in personality traits.

RESULTS: The analysis encompassed responses from 223 Swedish general surgeons: 121 (54%) males and 102 (46%) females. In contrast to female surgeons, male surgeons were older and had longer surgical experience. A higher proportion of male surgeons were employed in rural hospitals. Higher mean scores were observed in all personality traits among female surgeons. The adjusted analysis showed significantly higher scores for conscientiousness (p < 0.001), extraversion (p < 0.001), agreeableness (p = 0.006), and neuroticism (p < 0.001); however, no such change was observed for openness.

CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study demonstrates that Swedish female and male surgeons differ in personality traits. The implications of these results could lead to a deeper understanding of the variations in surgical outcomes based on the gender of the surgeon.