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The fields of transcriptional regulation and chromatin structure and function have for a long time been separate with too little interdisciplinary communication. The two fields have now merged with advances in the complete description of all factors that are required for basal, nonregulated transcription, the availability of highly purified in vitro transcription systems, and the purification of several large complexes with chromatin remodeling activities. Thus, it is now possible to start studying the biologically important question: How is transcription regulated in a chromatin context? To discuss this issue, scientists from the two fields met in Strasbourg, France (December 3–5, 1998) at a workshop titled “Global Transcription Regulators of Eukaryotes,” arranged by the International Human Frontier Science Program. We have chosen to focus this report on the most recent results presented at the workshop and would like to refer the reader to the given citations for further discussion of already published work.