The emerging comparative research field on public attitudes toward education policy has devoted little attention to private education and market governance of education systems. This chapter takes an initial step in filling this void by examining public opinion across 41 countries, primarily using data from the International Social Survey Programme. While the results show that a substantial proportion of people believe that private schools should have a role in the education system, the vast majority in most countries still prefer that the government should be the primary provider of school education. Moreover, we find relatively strong public agreement in most countries that it is unjust for those with higher incomes to purchase better education. However, consistent with policy feedback theory and previous case studies indicating that public education is inadequate and unable to meet the increasing demand for high-quality education in many developing countries, we find that countries characterized by less universal access to education tend to display greater popular support for private education. To gain further insights and draw more general inferences regarding these matters, we conclude that extending comparative studies to lower-income countries of the Global South is an urgent task for future research.