This research introduces a Multi-scale and Multi-tier Modeling framework (3M-thermfort) to improve energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort in detached wooden houses in Northern Sweden, using bio-based Phase Change Materials (PCMs). The framework integrates three tiers: Material, Building, and Occupant, linking thermal behavior at the material level to building performance and human comfort through parameter transmission.
Unlike previous studies that address these aspects in isolation, 3M-thermfort creates a closed-loop interdisciplinary system from basic research to applied engineering. Bio-based PCMs store and release heat based on temperature fluctuations, offering sustainable energy buffering suitable for subarctic climates.
By connecting material science, building physics, and occupant feedback, this approach supports carbon-neutral building design aligned with EU climate goals, offering a scalable method to reduce energy use and enhance comfort in cold regions.