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Triglycerides or vegetable oils as fuels is an old idea that can be traced back to the early days of diesel engine development. In this chapter, an overview of the fuel properties of triglycerides and their various upgrading technologies (physical and chemical; catalytic or non-catalytic) are discussed. Moreover, the composition of various feedstocks, the various catalyst materials employed in triglyceride upgrading, and the influence of the support materials, as well as sulfide and other promoters or feed impurities, are briefly discussed. Finally, a number of important large-scale, commercial processes in renewable-diesel production are reviewed and general operating strategies are discussed. In general, it can be concluded that deoxygenative transformation of triglycerides seems to be the most effective, enabling direct production of drop-in hydrocarbon fuels (green diesel or green jet fuels). In summary, significant possibilities still exist for further development of improved deoxygenation technologies that aim to improve the commercial feasibility of processing triglycerides into green hydrocarbon fuels of tomorrow.