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Caffeine is consumed globally in beverages like coffee, tea, and energy drinks, with coffee being the primary source. While it offers health benefits, such as reducing the risk of certain diseases, excessive intake can lead to sleep disturbances, behavioral issues in children, and pregnancy complications, including low birth weight and miscarriage.

• Caffeine is widely consumed and found in various products, including tea, coffee, colas, energy drinks, chocolate, and medications, with coffee being the primary source of caffeine;
• Coffee consumption has been linked to numerous health benefits, including a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, neurological disorders, and certain cancers;
• For vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women, caffeine intake can lead to adverse health effects, such as sleep disturbances in children and an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight in pregnant women;
• Pregnant women metabolize caffeine more slowly, leading to higher caffeine levels in the bloodstream and a greater risk of negative birth outcomes if consumption exceeds 200 mg/day;
• Health authorities, including European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), recommend limiting caffeine intake during pregnancy to prevent developmental risks, with ACOG and EFSA advising no more than 200 mg per day.