This chapter provides an overview of the inter-relationship between food, culture, and health for Indigenous peoples. This includes understanding the deep significance of traditional food systems in promoting health and preserving cultural identity. There is a well identified impact of both the historical and ongoing impacts of colonisation, climate change, and discrimination on Indigenous foodways and health outcomes. Despite this Indigenous communities have displayed resilience to enable their communities to adapt to environmental changes and highlight the crucial role of Indigenous knowledge in sustainable food practices. It is important for nutrition professionals to promote culturally responsive health policies that recognize Indigenous peoples’ rights to self-determination and food sovereignty including the incorporation of Indigenous knowledge into health and environmental policies to address health disparities and promote well-being. The spiritual connection Indigenous peoples have to their lands and the importance of maintaining traditional food systems for cultural continuity needs to be recognised and encouraged. Overall, the recognition of Indigenous peoples’ rights to maintain their cultural identities and food sovereignty are important, including the need for policies that address the social and environmental determinants of health.