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Evolution of hydration in cement blends with incorporation of activated low-kaolinite clays: insights into the preferred aluminum uptake by C-(A)-S-H
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8819-2278
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
2026 (English)In: Cement and Concrete Research, ISSN 0008-8846, E-ISSN 1873-3948, Vol. 201, article id 108086Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Despite their global abundance, heterogenous clays are often excluded from SCM applications, due to their limited pozzolanicity. This study investigates hydration evolution, particularly aluminum uptake pathways, in statistically designed cement blends incorporating thermo-mechanochemically activated low-kaolinite clays. Despite kaolinite contents below 40%, a 30% binary blend achieved 110% and 125% of OPC strength at 7 and 56 days, respectively, while reducing total porosity by 42% at 56 days. 29Si NMR indicated an increase in silicate chain length in C-(A)-S-H, correlating with pore structure refinement and strength gain in 56 days of hydration. 27Al NMR revealed a preferential incorporation of aluminum into C-(A)-S-H rather than AFm phases. This behavior is attributed to the lower alumina availability in the system compared to LC3 blends, suggesting that in such environments, C-(A)-S-H becomes the dominant host phase for aluminum. This incorporation pathway reduces the Al availability for carbonate-AFm formation, limiting the synergy typically observed in LC3 systems with added limestone.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2026. Vol. 201, article id 108086
Keywords [en]
C-(A)-S-H, Hydration, Low-kaolinite, NMR, Thermo-mechanical activation
National Category
Other Materials Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-247898DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.108086ISI: 001641089800001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105024543630OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-247898DiVA, id: diva2:2026002
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, FR-2020/0008Vinnova, 2021-01053Available from: 2026-01-08 Created: 2026-01-08 Last updated: 2026-01-08Bibliographically approved

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Figueira, Joao

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